Hist 2010 1st edition Lecture 31Outline of Last LectureII. Toward War, 1861III. Did South Act Prematurely?IV. War Over SlaveryOutline of Current LectureI. The North and South, a Comparison on the Eve of the WarII. Wartime Strategies, Advantages, and DisadvantagesThe American Civil War: Fort Sumter, April 12 1861I. The North and South, a Comparison on the Eve of the War On paper it looked that the south had no chance to win this warA. Resources1. Population You can replenish your army more easily, your economy is going to do better N: 22 million people, 71% of all the U.S. including the south S: 9 million, 4 million of 9 were slaves, not going to count on slaves to fight 29% Once the war becomes long the draft is enforced because people don’t want to enlist Escape the draft: N could hire a substitute to go in place to fight- pay a fee to be exempt from draft- in S: could hire substitute, pay a fee, and if had 20+ slaves could escape the draft  Immigration continues during the war: 800,000 who arrive in the North and manyfind their way into the Union army 25% were foreign born The north is more willing than the south the enlist African Americans: North has the advantage2. Manufacturing 91% of all manufacturing established in country are in the North Fire arm: 97% of fire arms establishments are in the North The North has the advantageThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. South has to be reliant on importing arms from England and France they do a decent job of manufacturing weapons3. Railroad Mileage Why important: because army has to be resupplied continuously For shipping troops around the nation , some battles are deciding on who arrives first, by rail roads North has the advantage: 20,000 track in the North and 10,000 in the South  “gauge” distance between two tracks, the South’s gauges varied so this meant that a railroad car that could run on one gauge could not run on the other gauge’s  You have one main line that runs from deep south to SW Virginia, south has to have this line so the troops of VA has to be resupplied The North wants to take this line so they cannot re supply4. Agricultural Production April 12, 1861- April, 9 1865 If you are looking at farm acreage 75% of the farm acreage is located in the North primarily the mid-west. 25% in the south. South: is growing cotton tobacco “cash crop economy” is located in the south  Tried to use the cotton production as a weapon for Europe to intervene in the war and take their side  As the war continues and the army breaks up the rr the south has probs feeding the pop and army  Advantage North B. Leadership1. Political LeadershipNorthAbraham Lincoln- Lincoln looks like he is in over his head - HE attend West Point, 8 years in the Il state government - 1 year term and US house of Representives - Has a good mind he was wise politically and militarily and grew into the- Historians lie to say the he has the capacity to grow - Lincoln understood that if he moved against slavery the could drive the other slave sates into the confederates- Despite the personal feelings he could not act4 against slavery because politically could be a wrong move- Pragmatism : do what is best for the nation not because he believed that- What he North should do was to use man power to attack several fronts at one time- Understood that it wasn’t about taming the capitals but destroying the confederate army’s - He was a very humble man and understood the big picture, that he has limitations - When the war first begin the headquarters were in washing D.C., MClennal thought high of his abilities and head of the army, he calls of him at his home and takes one of his aidsLincoln is told that he his out on doing His boss is waiting to speak to him that he goes upstairs and goes to bed without acknowledging his presence “if this man will bring me victories I will hold his horse”-War Democrats & Copperheads- Many of the democrats support the war effort “war democrats’- “peace democrats” or “copperheads”: worked against the war effort, adivded peole to flee the draft, was with the confederates- Lincoln begins to round them up and arrest them- He routinely ranked #1 after all - Many his thinking’s that if the war didn’t occur he would be nothing SouthJefferson Davis- Had impeccable credentials, attending west point, served in Mexican War won recognition for efforts in that war- He served in the House and the Senate, he was on the committee of military affairs and Davis was a secretary of war- Could not have found a better job, “perfect fit”- BUT Davis was good on paper but not good intangibles- Davis was proud, arrogant, easy to anger, made enemies out of friends, he would take capable generals and would remove them and replace them with - Had Lincoln and Davis would have been in opposition positions the nation would be split in two States’ Rights & the Lack of a Second Party- State’s rights ideology, confederacy needed a strong leader- Many of the governments worked against Davis - No political parties in the south - Without parties there would be arguing and disagreement 2. Military LeadershipRobert E. Lee (south)- Was a brilliant commander, bold, prediction of enemies, disadvantage: always outnumbered and boldness and tenacity made up for the - 2nd in class at West Point- BEST Ex: battle of Chancellorsville , outnumbered 2:1, Lee splits his numbers 3x and wins this battle U. S. Grant (north)- It took Abe Lincoln that Grant is his ace- He had a sharp common sense, decisive, did not panic, determined, persistent- BEST Ex: battle of Vicksburg MS, Grant tries 6 times to take the river until he won it- WINNER C. Why They Fought Historians thoughts: who have looked at the motivation and why they fought have found that: soldiers on both sides were fighting for the same things Fighting for patriotic reasons “their country “ Out of duty  Self defense  Good cause To protect their country that the founding fathers established South: because the North has perverted the founding country - James McPherson: 67% both sides fighting for same reasons Biggest irony: both sides celebrated July 4th, Washington’s BirthdayII. Wartime Strategies, Advantages, and DisadvantagesA. North1.