Hist 2010 1st Edition Lecture 26Outline of Last LectureI. Historians and SlaveryII. Work, Discipline and RestrictionsIII. From Sundown to Sunup: The Slaves’ Primary EnvironmentIV. Slave ResistanceV. Free BlacksOutline of Current LectureI. Settlement of Texas, California, & OregonII. The Politics of Expansion: The Polk PresidencyIII. Intensifying Sectional DivisionsIV. Results of US Expansion in 1840sThe Politics of Expansion: Manifest Destiny & Its Consequences I. Settlement of Texas, California, & OregonA. Texas1. American Migration to TexasEmpresarios (Stephen F. Austin- They hire Mexican land agents to encourage families to move Mexican people into text- Stephen F. Austin moved numerous American’s in to TX2. Texans & the Mexican Gov’t. 1821 Mexico became Mexican They want to encourage American migration to TX Bring in population and sever as a buffer b/w Indians and Mexico  1830 there were 7000 American’s living in TX, the Mexican government closes off American migration  WHY did American’s moved there so they could use their land to farm and use their slaves Americans continue to poor in 3. Texas War for Independence (1836) 30,000 American’s living in Texas  1829 Mexico abolishes slavery  Because the Americans do not free their slaves and do not worship in the catholic church and don’t want to follow to dictator of MexicoThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Texas Declares Independence (March 2, 1836)- 1834 Santana becomes power in Mexico and he wants to take an army into TX and deal with the Americans in TX- He does raise an army and moves into TX- That moves Texans who were reluctant to declare independent to declare independent and declares that they are independent of Mexico- So the Texans decide to create and army to fight forindependent Sam Houston- As head of the Texan army in TX- Used to be congressman from TN- They need time to buildAlamo (March 6 1836)- They have fortified it Texans and volunteers have fortified this structure - The Alamo defenders are supposed to buy time so Sam can build and army- Santana decides to attack the Alamo to seize it - 13 days they launch attack after attacker FINALLY they are successful and kill everyone including Davie CrokettSan Jacinto (April 1836)- Sam Houston is retreating and wants to build and army so Santana wants to split is army- Santana decide to stop and rest and at that time 18 minutes, theTexans who are infuriated about the Alamo they tear through the defenders and captures Santana and is forced to recognize the Independence of TX- The direct signature of the independence the Mexico gov never recognized it and they always want TX back4. Debate Over Ratification TX want to annex so they will become a slave state and southerners are very excited about it  There issues is to complicated because of the slavery issue 5. Lone Star Republic Sam Houston was the first president of TX 9 years they are independent countryB. California 1840 there were 400 Americans living in CA most of them on the coast 1848 gold is discovered in CA ten years later 1858 10,000 plus peopleC. Oregon 54 40 latitude line was the northern boundary II. The Politics of Expansion: The Polk PresidencyA. Election of 18441. James K. Polk (TN) Second of three presidents TN claims The US acquired a lot more land, TX, Washington, CA (expansion to the pacific) 4 years in office 1. Acquire TX, OR, Mexico territory, and CA He achieved all of these goals Expansionist he defeats Henry Clay He is willing to buy it and if not then he is willing to fight for it B. Manifest Destiny Americans Believed that was their destiny to expand all the way to the pacific coastC. Oregon1. “54° 40’ or Fight” We want all of the area If the British doesn’t give us all of it we will fight them for it Polk realized that to get CA and TX and NM it meant fighting with Mexico so they negotiated with the British2. 49th Parallel (present-day boundary) Decide to divide the territory into different parts The 49th parallel is Britain’s part We stay peaceful with Britain D. Annexation of Texas (July 4, 1845) Polk ask TX if they are interested in being a apart of the US They don’t want They will exercise that the Rio Grande is the boundary  The US would recognize that all this shaded territory would be TX territory  They like that idea so they invite TX to the Union, TX convention votes to become a state in the union on July 4th They do intend become a state in the union So Mexico prepares for war E. Mexican-American War (1846-1848) Mexico is in no mood to negotiate Polk sends a delegation to offer 30 mill for CA, NM and disputed Mexico territory  The delegation is not received by the Mexicans  An army is stationed in TX to protect them lead by Zach Taylor and moves their army to Corpes Christi to rage an incident and they cross the Mexico River it does not rage an incident moves to the Rio Grande and nothing happens He then receives word that the Mexicans does cross the Rio Grande and they attacks the US army causes a crisis  Mexico has crossed the boundary of US and shed blood on American soil Because this happens the US declares war on Mexico to take what he wants The army form TX moves into Mexico itself and they are always outnumbered but capture Mexico city  Polk is criticized because he is forceful in getting what he wants1. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) Treaty that ended the Mexican-American war Every battle we fought we one  The disputed area of TX became US territory  CA and NM and gave them 15 million