BIOL 152 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I Invert hormones II Homeostasis revisited III Types of hormones IV Hypothalamus and pituitary V Gas exchange and respiration types VI Oxygen binding VII Circulatory systems Outline of Current Lecture I Circulatory Systems a Open vs closed II Animal Metabolism III Energy Balance IV Essentials for humans V Digestive Systems VI Renal System VII Intro to osmoconformers Current Lecture Open circulatory systems vs closed circulatory systems Vessel size structure 37 16 o Veins towards heart arteries away from heart Fish heart circulatory system 2 chambers Mammalian heart circulatory system 4 chambers Animal Metabolism Fig 40 1 Anaerobic glycolysis vs aerobic Measure metabolic rate These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute As animals increase in size metabolic rate typically increases As animals increase in sizes metabolic rate per gram of tissue typically decreases metabolic rate due to increased running speed is lower in larger animals Endotherms have higher metabolic rates than do other ectoderms able to be active over wider range of environments NOTE cheetah do not abandon hunts because they over heat Homeostasis thermoregulation 40 6 Ex Asian honeybees heat to 117 F stand 118 F to kill hornets stand 115 F Energy Balance An animal in energy balance takes in the same amount of calories of energy from food that it uses over time to meet its metabolic needs Essential amino acids for humans Table 40 1 Essential vitamins for humans Table 40 2 Feeding types Filter feeding 40 8 Suction feeding fish Active swimming to feed Jaws incredible success 40 11 Digestive systems Usually one way 40 13 o Especially in complex animals Digestive control 40 15 Hormones enzymes acids bases and symbionts work in digestion 40 17 Pancreas gall bladder liver stomach intestines etc Lungs and small intestine both have large surface areas o Meaning more places to absorb nutrients small intestine Animal Renal System Water moves via diffusion o Osmosis 40 1 o o Osmoregulation 41 2 must have water for metabolism Osmoconformers match internal osmotic pressure to that of their external environment External environment has to be relatively consistant
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