PSY 100 1st Edition Lecture 25Outline of Last Lecture XXIX. Personality ContinuedA. The Big 5 traitsB. Social-Cognitive TheoryOutline of Current LectureXXX. Introduction to MotivationA. Stage 3 Paper NotesB. What is motivation?C. Extrinsic versus Intrinsic MotivationCurrent LectureXXX. Introduction to MotivationA. Stage 3 Paper NotesIn what ways does the academic article (stage 3) support or challenge your original position about the credibility of the popular press article’s (stage 2) claim?Note: popular press has a different agenda than academic journals. Public service (informative) mission versus audience based (entertainment) mission.Steps for stage 3:1. Restate your assessment of the claim in stage 2. Read stage 3 article and rethink the credibility of the claim, same opinion as when reading the stage 2 article or different?2. Include detail and substantial information differentiating popular press and scholarly articles. 3. Explain why academic journals should be used for scientific research (over public press).Help session for stage 3: Wednesday April 1st from 7 to 9 pm Clark C68Unit 3 (Psychology and internal states, What does it mean to be ___?) overview: Motivation, sex, emotion, stress, happiness and health/illness. B. What is motivation?Motivation: a set of energetic forces that originate within and beyond and individual to worktowards some desired goal. People are motivated by different things and usually have more than one thing that motivates them. Viewing motivation as a trait: people are motivated and people can be motivated. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Everyone wants motivated employees and student (motivation is an ideal trait)3 determinants of behavior:1. Ability: what can you do? Ex: can you physically do a backflip?2. Situation: what are you allowed to do? Ex: are you on a trampoline (safe place to backflip).3. Motivation: what will you do? Ex: will you practice to learn how to backflip?Motivation can cancel out ability and situation.Ways to quantify motivation:1. Direction of behavior: what are you working towards, what is your focus? Ex: your major2. Intensity of behavior: how much does it matter to you? Time and effort3. Persistence of behavior: there will always be setbacks, how willing are you to overcome them?C. Extrinsic versus Intrinsic MotivationIntrinsic motivation: motivated by internal drive (the process) ignores situation. Ex: love for something, need for discovery etc.Extrinsic: motivated by external rewards/punishments (the outcome)Ex: paychecks, grades, only follow laws so you do not go to jailMotivation is not always a dichotomy, can combine both.Theories of motivation: looking at continuum intrinsic to extrinsicIntrinsic 1. Need-based theories – internal needs of the individual^ Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (in depth on Wednesday)| Need for achievement and belonging|| 2. Process-based theories - looks at how we view the world| What are we working towards (compares self to goal)| Goal setting theory| Equity and expectancy theories: use other people as a reference.| Ex: how is my pay compared to that of those who do less work|| 3. Job-based theories – regardless of type of individual, characteristics lead| people to certain mental states and motivation. | Job characteristics theory.| Work place can shape/create motivation.vExtrinsic 4. Behavioral approach to very similar to operant conditioningOrganizational behavior modification.Does not look at personal