PSY 100 1st Edition Lecture 18Outline of Last Lecture XXI. Learning: Classical ConditioningOutline of Current LectureXXII. Learning: Operant ConditioningA. Classical versus operant conditioningB. Positive reinforcementC. Negative reinforcementD. Positive punishmentE. Negative punishmentCurrent LectureXXII. Learning: Operant ConditioningB.F. Skinner: Behavior is shaped by the response of the environmentA. Classical versus operant conditioningClassical conditioning is active and operant is activeClassical conditioning hinges on the association of the neural stimulus to the conditioned response which operant hinges on the association of positive or negative outcomes of the desired behaviorOperant conditioning:Behavior is a result of consequencesThe value of the consequence mattersThorndike’s Law of Effect: Behavior associated with a positive outcome will be repeated more often than behavior associated with a negative outcome.B. Positive reinforcementAdds something – behavior increases not necessarily “good”1. Every time you visit your moms house, she sends you home with delicious baked cookies. 2. When you buy 9 sandwiches, you get the 10th sandwich free 3. When you hit the gym, you buy yourself a tasty smoothie afterC. Negative reinforcementTakes something away – behavior increases not necessarily ”good”1. Every time you take an aspirin, your headache goes away. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. You are in a bad mood, but you cheer up after a Happy Hour with a good friend. 3. Your brother wants you to help him with your homework so he agrees to do your chores for the week.D. Positive punishmentAdds something – behavior decreases not necessarily “bad”1. Every time your child throws a tantrum, they have to take a 10 minute time out.2. When you pay your bill late, you have to pay an additional charge.3. Your roommate left laundry all over the floor so you deliberately spilled grape soda on it.E. Negative punishmentTakes something away – behavior decreases not necessarily ”bad”1.Every time you are late meeting your spouse for a date, they refuse to kiss you for the rest of the night. 2. Your friend is always drinking too much, so you decide to no longer accompany them to parties or bars.3. You ate too much fast food and now you feel too full to join your running
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