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CSU PSY 100 - Sensation and Perception

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PSY 100 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture XIV. Sleep ContinuedA. Sleep stagesB. Sleep deprivationC. Sleep disordersD. DreamsOutline of Current LectureXV. Perception and SensationA. TasteB. HearingC. Smell D. SightCurrent LectureXV. Perception and SensationPerception: organizing and interpreting sensory inputSensation: the process of receiving stimuli from the environmentPerception and sensation are not the same thing. Bottom-up processing: starts with sensory receptors and then works upward into the brain. (What we see influences what we know).Top-down processing: prior knowledge gives meaning to sensory input (What we know influences what we see).Thresholds- apply to all senses:Absolute threshold: smallest detectable stimulus (detected 50% of the time).Difference threshold: smallest detectable difference (detected 50% of the time, aka JND)Weber’s law: quantifies the change due to a given stimulus (relative)A. TasteOur tongues are covered in little bumps and grooves lined with taste buds. Each taste bud contains 50 receptors for 5 basic tastes (sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami (corresponds to flavor of monosodium glutamate).These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.B. Hearing Sound waves are collected in the outer ear, amplified in the middle ear and transduced in the inner ear. Sound waves travel to the eardrum causing vibrations. Hair cells change these vibrations intoelectric signals the brain can interpret. We hear different sounds at different decibels.C. SmellNot a relatively strong sense in humans. We have 12 million receptors compared to animals who have hundreds of millions.The molecules in the air are sensory stimuli for our sense of smell. Stimulation of the olfactory receptor cells is converted into neural messages. D. SightImportant parts of the sight pathway in order:1. Cornea: transparent layer forming the front of the eye2. Pupil: dark circular opening in the center of the iris, size varies to allow certain amounts of light to reach the retina3. Iris: behind the cornea, this is what is colored4. Lens: transparent, biconvex structure helps to refract the light which will reach the retinaLight is focused by the cornea and lens to project and image on the retina. images are perceived in the brain not in the retina. The optic nerve is able to communicate to the brain that light has been detected and that contrast has been detected. Different processing systems within the visual cortex are able to distinguish1. Shape2. Movement3. Shading4. Gradations5. Contrast6. IntensityPerceptual illusions: the misinterpretation of something perceived. Believe it to be something else. Gestalt psychology: studies perception and behavior, examines a persons response to stress and/or stimulus. How does our mind interpret and handle stimulus? We see proximity, connectedness, similarity and


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CSU PSY 100 - Sensation and Perception

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