PSY 100 1st Edition Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture XVIII. Memory ContinuedOutline of Current LectureXIX. Study TipsXX. ForgettingCurrent LectureXIX. Study Tips1. Spaced studying is better than mass practice – controls storage decay2. Making your own examples engages a deeper level of processing3. Relate information to yourself – adds access points allowing you more ways to retrieve information from your memory4. Use chunking, group concepts together5. Mix up the order you study things in- negate sound position effect6. Test yourself, practice to see if you can retrieve informationXX. Forgetting Forgetting can occur at any stage of memoryEncoding failure: Information was never encoded into long-term memory, if it has not been encoded it will be forgotten. Just because we have been exposed to information does not mean that information is stored.Storage decay: memories fade away or gradually decay if unused.The decay curve is much steeper than expected.Retrieval failure: problems getting information from the long-term memory1. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon: believe you know something but cannot say it2. Interference theories: memories interfering with other memories-Retroactive interference: problems remembering old info based on new info-Proactive interference: problems remembering new info based on old infoThe misinformation effect: a person’s existing memories can be altered if the person is exposed to misleading information – error in retrieving memory the person is unaware ofLoftus experiment: showed people the same video but memories varied based on the questions given to the subjectsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.We do not have perfect memory we are influenced by context and bias.Amnesia (retrograde or anterograde): memory lossRetrograde: inability to remember information prior to date of memory lossAnterograde: inability to make new long-term
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