PSY 100 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture XII. Review of NeuroscienceXIII. SleepOutline of Current LectureXIV. Sleep ContinuedA. Sleep stagesB. Sleep deprivationC. Sleep disordersD. DreamsCurrent LectureXIV. Sleep ContinuedBiological rhythms and sleepWhat makes us sleepy? Our circadian rhythm (a 24 hour cycle affected by light) determines when we feel alert or sleepy. Light triggers the decrease of melatonin from the pineal gland (during the day) and it’s increase at night (when we usually go to bed).Homeostatic pressure process: need for sleep increases as time awake decreases and visa versa.Sleep propensity (how easy or difficult it is to fall asleep) is regulated by both the homeostatic process and circadian rhythm. A. Sleep stages1. Stage 1: feel self drifting on the edge of consciousness, people often say they weren’t asleep when woken up from this stage2. Stage 2: start to see spindles on EEG, heavier sleep3. Stage 3: breathing and pulse slow down and delta waves on EEG, higher amplitude4. Stage 4: deep sleep much like stage 3, throughout the night and within each sleep cycle time spent in stage 4 decreases and REM time increases.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.5. REM Sleep (or Stage 5): increased eye movement, brain activity looks awake but person is asleep, loss of muscle tone and dreaming.To measure sleep electrodes and EEG’s are used. Actigraphy: measures movement to distinguish between what is asleep and what is not, used to measure a persons restB. Sleep deprivationChronic partial sleep deprivation: getting not enough sleep night after nightTotal sleep deprivation: staying awake for 1 or 2 daysSleep deprivation can cause:1. Fatigue and subsequent death2. Impaired concentration3. Emotional irritability (can include having trouble faking happiness)4. Depressed immune system5. Greater vulnerability, more likely to have accidents and/or make mistakesC. Sleep disorders1. Insomnia: inability to fall asleep2. Narcolepsy: inability to control urge to fall asleep3. Sleep apnea: A persons tongue partially blocks airway and they cannot breathe when asleep. It repeatedly wakes person suffering. Most who have it wear a mask to pressurize air into their lungs.D. DreamsManifest content: remembered story line and what happenedLatent content: underlying, uncensored meaning and interpretationDream theories:1. Wish fulfillment: act on things we can not in real life2. Activation: synthesis theory, brain tuning up3. Information processing: memory improves with sleep, tune up networks in your brain4. Physiological functioning5. Cognitive development: we are learning something, dream about certain things at different stages in our
View Full Document
Unlocking...