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CSU PSY 100 - The Brain: Parts and Functions

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PSY 100 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture Nature Versus NurtureOutline of Current LectureThe BrainBrain ResearchThe Brain BreakdownParts of the Brain and their FunctionsCurrent LectureThe Brain A. Brain ResearchMost of what we have learned about the brain has been through case studies.A lot of research looks at animal analogues. We compare our brains to animal brains (where are they more developed, differences in brain organization, etc.)There have been many technological advances in recent years (EET’s, EEG’s etc.)B. Brain Breakdown1. Think of it as a layer cakeHindbrain (does not differ much from other primates), Midbrain and Forebrain (cerebrum is a larger percentage of our brain than any other animal)2. Split into two halvesLeft and right hemisphere connected by corpus callosum. Left hemisphere controls your right side and left hemisphere controls your right side. Both halves look the same.Brain is very flexible and will evolve. 3. The cerebrum can be broken into four lobes1. Frontal2. Parietal3. Temporal4. OccipitalC. Parts of the Brain and their FunctionsHindbrainMedulla: part of the brain stem, controls heart rate and breathing, automaticReticular Formation: nerve network that plays an important role in controlling arousal (alertnessor attentiveness) as well as sexual arousal. Cerebellum: helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance. Controlling movement, if you injure your cerebellum movements may be jerky or spastic. Athletes show more brain activity in cerebellum.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.MidbrainThe middle and smallest brain region.Involved in initially processing auditory and visual information.Forebrain – Limbic SystemThalamus: sensory information arrives here and is “sorted” to where it will be processed (not smell – smell uses more direct route to neurons)Amygdala: Linked to the emotions of fear and anger, very primal, basic part of our brain. Fight orflight response activation. Linked to adrenaline. Hypothalamus (above thalamus): directs maintenance activities and reward center – feeling uncomfortable vs. comfortable. Dopamine largely associated with the hypothalamus. Processes pleasure (thirsty, hungry, other pleasurable activities).Brain LobesEACH brain hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes.Frontal lobe: in cerebral cortex, voluntary movement and executive functioning (controlling impulse, make decisions, regulate emotions etc.). The motor cortex is in the frontal lobe. (Example: sensation of phantom limb; can lose limb but motor cortex in tact). Frontal lobe case study - Phineas Gage was working with a spike on a railroad, the spike then took out his eye and large part of his frontal lobe but he still lived. Gage lost his rationality, he acted very impulsively and much different than he was before. His frontal lobe could not connect to the rest of his brain.Parietal lobe: Somatic sensations, sense of touch and temperature. Can feel a lot in our hands because we have more information able to be processed in hands and tongue – they are more sensitive. Occipital lobe: Process all visual information. Vision our most adapted sense. Temporal lobe: auditory information, right by our temples and to help memorize temporal and tempo (music – auditory). If you have damage to your temporal lobe you can lose the ability to hear and/or


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CSU PSY 100 - The Brain: Parts and Functions

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