PSY 100 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Current Lecture IV. Stage 1 Paper InstructionsOutline of Current LectureV. Methods and StatisticsA. The Scientific MethodCurrent LectureV. Methods and StatisticsA. The Scientific Method1. Identify/formulate a testable hypothesis (question)2. Design the study and collect data3. Analyze the data and draw conclusions4. Report the findingsData from psychological studies must be based off more than personal feelings.Hindsight and intuition bias: lacks evidence, after and outcome people tend to claim they could have predicted it.Overconfidence: people commonly overestimate what they knowWhat questions do we ask for psychological studies?-Important problems (Example: how to eliminate poverty, existential questions etc.)-Unexplained/ignored patterns Who do we study?-The individual, psychology focuses on humans-Involve as many participants as possible-Use random samples to allow for generalization of the dataHow do we get information?-Data based: systematic structured and guided by theoryThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Publicly verified: independent others must be able to replicate, expand on and criticize your resultsHow do we measure the information we care about?-Operational definitions: you should explicitly define your variables. Variables are used to accurately measure outcomes of interest.What tools are used?1. Naturalistic observation: no manipulation or intrusion2. Case studies: focus on a few or few groups of people3. Surveys4. Correlation: examining how things relate, does NOT equal causation5. Experiments: 2 types- lab and field. Only way to find a cause.6. Central tendency: mean (the average), mode (most frequent) and median (middle of the data).7. Variance: how different your data is, diversity8. Regression: prediction based on tests9. ANOVA: analysis and
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