PSY 100 1st Edition Lecture 23Outline of Last Lecture XXVI. Morality ExpandedXXVII. Adult DevelopmentOutline of Current LectureXXVIII. PersonalityCurrent LectureXXVIII. PersonalityPersonality: enduring patterns of thinking, feeling and actingWhen talking about yourself, family, friends etc. we base descriptions off how a person usually behavesPersonality is NOT IQ, physical abilities/traits, occupational identities (ex: consider how in America people are always asked what they do) etc. Personality perspectives (what shapes and influences our personality):A. Psychodynamic theory (Freud, Jung and Horney)Emphasis on unconscious processEmphasis on early lifeFreud made distinction between the conscious and unconsciousSuperego: internalized ideas- idealized self, rules and morals you hold dear, the “should”Ego: in the middle of superego and id, weighing decisions, the rational, wants to satisfy id and superegoId: unconscious energy – pleasure driven, ignores long-term consequences. Conflict is the tension between the id and the ego, superego and ego etc.Freud also has 6 defense mechanisms and 5 psychosexual stages of developmentFreud’s psychosexual stages of development1. Oral (0-18 months) – Derive pleasure from putting things in our mouths. Freud says there is a disconnect at this stage you will stay at this stage (ex: people who chew pens and nails still derive pleasure from chewing). 2. Anal (18-36 months) – pleasure derives from control (over bowel movements) and Freud says people stuck in this stage have control issues3. Phallic (3-6 years) – girls experience penis envy, people stuck in this stage are immature, pleasure zone is genitals. Oedipus complex: sexual desire towards parent of opposite sexThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Latency (6 to puberty) – dormant sexual feelingsGenital (puberty on) – maturation of sexual feelingsInk blot assessment – largely unsupported by science and not reliable. Different people interpret things differently. Freudian psychology problems (criticisms):1. Not testable2. Personality development is lifelong (Freud puts emphasis on childhood)3. Sexist – Freud says women have penis envy (consider Freud’s context/era)Freud worked with people in distress- determined what was wrong.B. Humanistic psychology (Mallow & Rogers)Focus on the best parts of being human and the inherent goodness of people. How do we become the best person we can be? – self-actualizationHuman potential and psychological growthHumanistic psychology is very optimistic.How we see ourselves: self correct, self awareness and free willHealthy personality development: looks at successful peopleExamining what has gone right (as opposed to Freud)The pursuit of 2 basic human needs:1. Need for self-actualization, achieve your dreams – find the best version of you2. Need for positive regard – want to be loved, accepted, respected etc.Conditional positive regard: put self worth on conditions- Freud says leads to self discrepanciesUnconditional positive regard: you want to be loved etc. without “earning” itRogers says unconditional positive regard leads actualization. You learn you do not have to conform to be a certain way to be accepted. C. Trait theories (Eyesnick, Allport, Costa and McCrae)Big 5 traitsFocuses on adjectives, how we describe each otherD. Social cognitive theory