FDNS 4600 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 16 30 Lecture 16 02 09 Mercury in Fish 1 Describe fatty fish 1 Fatty fish has around the same amount of fat as lean beef which is more than chicken It has less calories as lean beef and more calories than chicken It has slightly less protein then both chicken and lean beef Fatty fish also contain up to 30 oils like Omega 3 fatty acids 2 What is mercury 1 It is a natural metal found in rocks and soil but it is also produced by manmade sources like industrial processing It is found in three forms elemental inorganic or organic 3 How does mercury enter the food chain 1 Emission from industrial processing atmospheric transportation and deposition Ecosystem transport turns into methylmercury in soil and water bioaccumulates in fish and other wildlife humans and other wildlife affected from eating fish 4 Be able to name common fish with low or high mercury 1 Low fresh water fish salmon shrimp Pollock tuna light canned tilapia catfish and cod 2 High Swordfish shark king mackerel and tilefish 5 What are the various recommendations about eating fish especially for children and pregnant women 1 It is recommended women who are pregnant breastfeeding and children should eat 8 to 12 ounces of a variety of fish each week that are low in mercury 2 Avoid eating the four fish high in mercury and when eating fish you have caught pay attention to fish advisories on the waterbodies 3 Also make sure to stay within your calorie needs when adding more fish to your diet 6 What are the adverse effects of mercury exposure 1 Mercury collects in the brain central nervous system and kidneys It can cause visual and learning problems in infants as very young children and fetuses are most susceptible to poisoning 7 Discuss research about mercury exposure in people 1 Maternal fish consumption hair mercury and infant cognition in a U S cohort 1 The fish was bringing the infant eye vision up but the mercury was bringing it down 2 Additional factors are taken into account because they may effect the way the child 2 Concern higher mercury heart disease CHD in prospective studies 1 Since the Pooled RR crosses the 1 0 line the data in non conclusive 8 What are the reliable sources of information about mercury 1 EPA says that 0 1 ug kg per person which is about 7 ug day 2 FAO WHO says 1 6 ug kg wk per person comes out to about 16 ug day 9 Be able to calculate mercury intake when given amount of fish eaten and mercury contained in that fish Lecture 17 02 13 15 BPA 1 What is BPA 1 Industrial chemical that is used in plastics containers marked 7 and lining of canned foods 2 How is it metabolized in the body 1 It is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and converted into BPA glucuronide However it is excreted after 2 3 in the feces 3 Where is BPA found in the past and now 1 Past polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resin some containers marked 7 and lining of canned foods 2 Now thermal cash register receipts diet dust and cosmetics 4 Why and how have safety concerns for BPA changed 1 Health officials are now much less concerned because research shows that BPA would have to be consumed in BPA in large quantities for it to be toxic 2 The safe amount of exposure is 4 ug kg bw day and the average exposure is 1 ug kg bw day 5 Why do you think scientists industry and the public got so carried away in their concern about BPA 1 Information available said BPA was toxic 2 Perception in everything and caused everything the media blew the issue out of proportion 3 Industry used the situation to make BPA free water bottles etc to sell 6 What can be done to avoid BPA 1 Discard old worn or scratched plastic baby bottles cups or food containers 2 Do not put hot liquids in old containers that may contain BPA 3 Check labels to see if they are microwave and dishwasher safe before using them 7 Are there still concerns for infants 1 It is not allowed in sippy cups baby bottles and liners 8 How worried should parents be about protecting infants from BPA 1 BPA is not found in high enough amounts to be considered toxic 9 How reliable is information in the media and on some consumer websites from before 2013 1 The information is not very reliable because the research does not back up the assumptions and claims made 2 Health officials are now much less concerned Lecture 18 02 16 Milk Pasteurization 1 What is the Role of Milk in the US Diet 1 It has many nutrients like calcium vitamin D and potassium Milk is associated with improved bone health reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes 2 Vitamin A and D are optional nutrients but if the label says fortified it must have these nutrients 2 Why Pasteurize Milk 1 Kill bacteria without affecting the taste or nutritional value 3 Is raw milk safe 1 No It has many dangerous bacteria still living in it emotional videos under required reading 4 Does the US have Antibiotic Free Milk Supply 1 Yes milk from antibiotic treated cows discarded until milk tests free of antibiotics 2 Every milk tanker is tested for drug residue and if it is found then the milk is discarded 5 Other Concerns about Milk 1 Lactose intolerance a person cannot digest sugar lactose in dairy products 2 Milk allergy a person has an immune response to the protein in milk and milk products Lecture 19 20 21 February 20 23 GMO Foods 1 Define the terms related to biotechnology 1 Biotechnology The use of organisms or their components in the production of products 2 Genetic modification GM process of altering the genetic make up of organisms 3 Genetically engineered GE or Genetically modified organisms GMO new characteristics or traits introduced into organisms occurs naturally too 4 Recombinant DNA technology rDNA Move gene s from one organism to another to add or remove certain traits 2 What plant foods are being produced with GM technology 1 Mutation breeding 1 Main foods bananas pears apples rice yams mint others 2 There is no way to assess the number of genes affected 3 Therefore there is no way to know which genes and where theses genes are 2 Transgenics rDNA method to add a gene GMO 1 Main foods Corn canola soybeans cotton papaya 2 Only type that requires Environmental assessment 3 Requires only one to three genes where other types change thousand genes This also helps make it specific 3 Widely used GM foods corn soy canalo cotton breads cereal frozen pizzas hot dogs soda milk 3 What animal foods are being produced with GM technology 1 Animal foods have added animal hormones