FDNS 4600 1st Edition Lecture 40Outline of Past Lecture I. SweetenersII. Why Differences in Recommendations for Added Sugar Intake?III. 2010 DGA & ChooseMyPlateIV. MonosaccharidesV. DisaccharideVI. Other sugar sourcesVII. Glucose, Fructose, and Sucrose in various fruits, fruit juices, and colaVIII. PolyolsOutline of Current LectureI. Nonnutritive SweetenersII. Types on NNSIII. Nutritive and NNS Use During PregnancyIV. 4 Beverages and Metabolic OutcomesCurrent LectureI. Nonnutritive Sweetenersa. General Info i. No energy in usual amountii. Sweeter than sucroseiii. It is regulated by FDAb. Recommendationsi. 2010 DGA1. Control energy intakeii. American Diabetes Association1. Says to choose theseiii. National Cancer Institute1. No clear evidence that NNS are associated with cancer risksII. Types on NNSa. Acesulfame Ki. Used in combination of organic acid and potassiumb. Aspartamei. Does provide calories but its sweeter than sucrose so less is neededThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. Requires label for Phenylketonuricsiii. Very controversial1. Claims with canceriv. Background1. structure is very different from sucrose because it is made of amino acids rather than simple sugars. 2. Methanola. Trace amounts found in fruitsc. Luo Han Guoi. GRAS approved in 2010ii. 150-300x more sweeter than sucrosed. Neotame i. 2002 approvedii. Rarely used in foods1. food companies do not like to change what they use. 2. Since it is a new product it may be more expensivee. Saccharini. Animal testing showed some concernsii. 1977 FDA proposed a ban1. Congress required a warning label2. 2000 warning label no longer requiredf. Steviai. Sweetner1. Extract from leaf2. GRASa. Took a while because it was not consumed in US ii. Dietary supplement1. Whole stevia leaves 2. Not enough data for it to be called GRASg. Sucralosei. Recommended to have half sugar half sucralose so you do not get the browning effectii. Difference is substitute of three Cl ionsiii. Safe world wideiv. Metabolized1. Oral dose 85% excreted unchanged 15% absorbed 12-13% Excreted in the urine unchanged 2-3% glucuronidation conjugated excreted in the urine2. New concern with impact on gut micro bacteriav. Studies1. In one study, there was a higher peak and drop off when consuming sucralose2. In the other study, there was no significant difference3. There are very big difference in the studies- methods, participants,conditions 4. No long term effects III. Nutritive and NNS Use During Pregnancya. Usually acceptedb. Problem with possible increased risk of preterm delivery in one studyi. NNS, aspartame, and carbonated drinks ii. Incidence of preterm birth low and mostly dure to medically induced preterm birthiii. People who use NNS- Diabetes and obesity both have risks of preterm birthsiv. NOT confirmed in other studiesIV. 4 Beverages and Metabolic Outcomesa. Drank 1 L of one of the four drinks every day for 6 monthsb. P less then .05 is significantc. What is not significantly different:i. Body weightii. Body Fatiii. Subcutaneous fativ. Reasons? Possibility of compensation d. What was differenti. Visceral fatii. Liver Fat- Highest in Cola; high fructose corn syrup iii. Muscle Fat- Highest in Colaiv. Triglyceridesv. Total Cholesterolvi. Systolic Blood
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