FDNS 4600 1st Edition Lecture 36Outline of Past Lecture I. Regulation of Color AdditivesII. Certified Color AdditivesIII. Approved Certified ColorsIV. Possible Mechanisms for Certified Color Reactions: Behavior, Allergy, Other (Stevens LJ, Nutr Rev, 2014)V. Food FlavorsVI. Safety assessmentVII. Issues and ChallengesOutline of Current LectureI. Use of MSGII. Is MSG a Food AllergenIII. Children, Pregnancy, and LactationIV. Chinese Restaurant SyndromeV. MSG Challenge StudyCurrent LectureI. Use of MSGa. Umami- savory meat tasteb. Major use is it is a flavor enhancer.c. Helps reduce sodium intaked. The elderly or hospitalized people are most likely to have benefit form it- makes it easier to eat and has lower sodium.II. Is MSG a Food Allergena. From a review in 1991 the answer is NO.i. It was a double blind, placebo- controlled experiment where people consumed 2.5 grams MSG daily.b. In relation to Asthmai. Linked in poorly controlled studiesIII. Children, Pregnancy, and Lactationa. Some people think that it might have a negative effect on children, but it is not true.i. Children metabolize MSG slower than adults NO!These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. Role in ADHD, other behavior disorders NO!b. Pregnancy i. In fetus, amino acid concentrations are higher in fetus regardless of mother’s intake.ii. Placenta helps block glutamate entryiii. No adverse effects in studiesc. Lactationi. No increase in glutamate in breast milk ii. No effects on infantIV. Chinese Restaurant Syndromea. Not proven!!b. Reported anecdotal symptoms-c. Real concerns with Chinese food:i. Increased sodium intakeii. Increased calorie intakeV. MSG Challenge Studya. Rationalei. Some people reported headaches, facial burning, and abdominal pain after ingestion.ii. But there could be problems with validity of these studies.b. Methodsi. Recruitment1. Newspapers, prior reaction to Asian foodii. Telephone screening1. Had to have more than 2 of the 10 symptoms and be 18-60 years oldc. Protocol Ai. The “MSG” group had the biggest reactionii. The “Neither” group (meaning there was no reaction) had the next largest groupd. Protocol Bi. The people who had more than 2 symptoms in Protocol A moved on to Protocol B.ii. The graph shows the largest reaction was in the group that was feed 5 g of MSG and then decreased in order of amount given to them.e. Protocol Ci. The people in this group had to 2+ positive reactions to 5 g MSG in A and B but not to placeboii. The sample size was 12 people and nine people showed symptomsf. Protocol Di. Only two people qualified ii. Results from the study: 0 reproducible symptoms ( last column on
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