MBIOS 101 1nd Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture - Lines of Defense1. Eyes2. Ears3. Nasal Passage4. Lungs5. Skin Outline of Current Lecture – 1. Skin2. GI Tracta. Esophagusb. PharynxCurrent Lecture 1. Skin a. Sebaceous glandsi. Produce oilii. Oil is essential 1. Need luster and lubricant2. Otherwise it can crack and let organisms inb. Skin Mites – Arthropods i. If environment changes they can be opportunistic c. Hair i. Nerves – Alert (Pain) 1. Lets you know if something is about to bite you d. Capillary – Blood Flow i. Feeds nutrients to skinii. Also a good entry point for organisms iii. Also allows for heat release (when skin gets red) e. Cells – i. MAST cellsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Contains histamines 2. When it releases histamines, fluid is dumped into the area3. Ex. Runny nose, welt of fluid of a mosquito bite ii. Dendrite cells 1. Phagocytosis whatever is in the areaf. Portal of Entry i. Examples: Cuts, bites, etc.2. First line of defense= chemical and physical barriers3. GI Tract – Gastrointestinal tracta. Still a first line of defense even though it is inside of you b. Mouth to anusc. Mouth i. Normal flora Organism – millions of bacteria ii. Gingivitis – NFO that turn opportunistic and start to eat the gumiii. Spit – 1. New area of research 2. Starting to use spit as a diagnostic tool 3. Generated by salivary glands 4. Full of biological salts5. Acidic – pH 6.5-6.66. Water based 7. Lots of lysozymes (lytic enzyme): also in tears and ear wax8. Growth hormones – start mitosis 9. Dogs lick themselves when they get cut – stimulate blood flow andgrowth hormones stimulate growth iv. Teeth – 1. Chewing can destroy organismsv. Amylase 1. Breaks down sugar – carbohydrate digestion 2. Also destroys some bacteria vi. Bacteria/fungi/virus can still get in sometime d. Pharynx i. Prevents food from getting to the lungs ii. Epiglottis comes down when you swallow and up when you breathe e. Sphincter – allows something into the stomach f. Esophagusi. Needs Vit A to function well (in the cells) ii. Mucus is also important iii. It is very fragile but tough iv. That’s why you can feel stop going down v. Stomach produces HCl acid –1. Esophagus cannot handle HCl acid 2. HCl if it splashes up it burns3. Result of a Sphincter that I not functioning wellvi. Esophagus cancer is now the leading
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