MBIOS 101 1nd Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture 1. Cold2. Radiation 3. Chemical Cleaners Outline of Current Lecture – 1. Chemical Controlsa. Phenolsb. Chlorhexidinec. Alcohol d. Detergents e. Heavy metals f. Ozoneg. Preservatives Current Lecture – The Bacterial Growth Curve1. Chemical Controlsa. Phenoli. Can be dangerous as an antisepticii. Carcinogenic b. Chlorhexidine i. Kills most bacteria, viruses, fungiii. Targets membrane result is that the microbe blows up iii. Potentially carcinogenic iv. Very effective cleaner thoughv. Limitations: variable effectiveness on viruses and fungi These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Alcohol i. Kills most bacteria, viruses, and fungi ii. Attacks the membraneiii. Germicidal iv. Nonirritating, and inexpensivev. Routinely used on skin to clean the area vi. To sterilize an instruments, use alcohol and then lite itd. Detergents i. Used against some bacteria, viruses, and fungiii. Makes the surface slippery so that the bacteria cannot attach – changes the surface tension iii. Also goes against cell membrane of bacteria and starts to dissolve it iv. Used to clean clothes, restaurants, dairy equipment, equipment surfaces, and restrooms v. Limitations: ineffective against TB, hepatitis virus, and spores; pH can can change its effectiveness vi. Many cities do not let you use soaps outside because they can contaminate the water system (water going into rivers) e. Heavy Metal compoundsi. Example: Nickel, Copper, etcii. Use in soaps and ointments iii. Mercury, silver, and other metals have the microbial effects by binding on functional groups of proteins and thus inactivating them iv. Used in cosmeticsv. Used to help babies not become infected with gonorrhea if their mom has it during birthvi. Silver Nitrate is used as a topical germicides and ointmentsvii. Limitations: Toxic in high quantitiesf. Ozonei. O3ii. Great at getting rid of oxygen sensitive microbes iii. Ozone is effective for cleaning surfaces and some deep wound cleaningiv. Fish industry uses it to decontaminate the water v. It is very expensive thoughvi. Used as a supplement for chlorination vii. Can be used to clean the air g. Preservatives i. Two Types: organic acids and nitrates/nitritesii. Work on molds and bacteriaiii. Nitrates/nitrites are usually used in meat products particularly porkiv. Organic acids are used in bread and cosmetics – used to control some bacteria and cosmetics v. Nitrates used to prevent the growth of clostridium botulinum in
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