MBIOS 101 1nd Edition Lecture 18 Outline of Last Lecture - Chemical Controlsa. Phenolsb. Chlorhexidinec. Alcohol d. Detergents e. Heavy metals Outline of Current Lecture – 1. Terms2. Mechanisms of pathogenesis3. Invasion and portal of entry Current Lecture – Pathogens1. Terms:a. Normal Flora Organisms (NFO) i. Organisms – bacteria/yeast, anthropods, fungi/molds ii. That live in a host or an host iii. That is usually commensalism or mutualism type of relationship iv. NOTE: Bacteria help cows digest cellulose b. Opportunisitc Pathogeni. NFO that can cause disease when conditions (“their home”) changesii. Ex- Toxic Shock Syndrome – Staph aureus1. Caused full body shutdown2. Changed the environment – some synthetic material 3. Staph aureus released exotoxins iii. Ex – Flesh Eating Bacteria – staph aureus/staph epidermis 1. If their environment changes they can turn pathogenicThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Destroy connective tissue iv. Ex – yeast infections – vagina decrease in NFO = yeast infection 1. Occurs after using antibiotics 2. Bacteria keeps yeast in check 3. Antibiotics kills the bacteria 4. Yeast growsc. True pathogens (always causes disease)i. The word germ comes from thisii. Examples 1. Influenza – Flu (virus)2. Strep Throata. People can harbor itb. Then transmit it to another person c. Rash can appear on one side of the body d. When this happens it means strep has traveled to the bloodstream 3. Chicken Pox (virus)4. Gonorrhea5. Typhoid6. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever d. Signs and Symptoms i. Signs- something that can be measured or seen 1. Temperature2. Lesions 3. Ulcer4. Sore5. Pus6. Rash7. Anemia8. Swollen lymph nodes ii. Symptoms – how do you feel1. “Like I’m going to throw up”2. pain/nausea3. chills4. fatigue5. headache6. itching 2. Mechanisms of pathogenesis a. Adherence i. Attach by one or more of these1. Pili2. Capsule3. Adhesion proteins4. Fimbrae5. Biofilm6. Flagellaii. They have to be able to attach to their host b. Colonization - replicationi. Setup “housekeeping”1. produce enzyme to attach to your cells 2. Dissolve mucus mucinase a. Destroy IgA (antibody) via IgAase (protease)ii. Siderophores 1. Bacteria need iron2. Bind your iron 3. You need iron to produce RBCs (red blood cells) and for the oxygen to attach to the RBC iii. Type III secretions 1. Destroy mucus and change your GI tract to replicate 2. Ex – E. Coli: can produce endotoxins 3. Invasion – Portal of Entry a. Penetration of skin – cuts, wounds, ulcers, blisters, bites (insect, animal, and human), and burns b. Normal Portal of entry – ears, eyes, nasal (noes), mouth, reproductive tract, urinary tract,
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