a. Eisenhower was leading American general in ww2and saw German auto infrastructure, so when he became president he wanted to imitate itb. During cold war people were afraid of thermonuclear attacks,so they needed to get away quickly from cities being attackedi. Lead to development of highwaysc. Before ww2 cities were like a gridWith interstate system, a highway now cuts through the cityi. The only thing they had like interstates were trolley lines, at the ends of trolley lines were secluded areas where the rich lived (early suburbs)ii. In the 50’s, interstates are used for people who want to move into suburbsiii. When these roads became clogged the solution was to create a bypass road around city1. Unintended consequence, provided framework for little towns along bypass to blow up2. In 60’s, builders realized they could not build their way out of gridlocka. The more you build, they more gridlock you havei. Short term alleviation3. Politicians keep selling this idea, because people only think of short term, which creates jobs, pleases developers (housing, shopping, banks, etc), because they want more places to build houses; they pushed the Highway Trust fund the mosta. 1967: 540 was born, still not done. This is how long it takes to plan developmentsd. Public transportationi. Fixed guideway public transit: Bus, light rail, trolley, heavy commuter rail where they are not affected by traffic1. Not about getting people from place to place, but it is an infrastructure toola. Developers will buy up land around hub stationsii. Unpopular in America because people like convenience, so they do not want to be tied to schedules, cars=freedomiii. Classism and racism is in play, busses and public transit is the “poor” way to get around, even though busses and public transit is more efficient and fastere. Atlanta: MARTA; people in suburbs didn’t want it to come because they didn’t want it to bring low income people into that areai. But povertyis rising in suburbs and they now have no transportation to get to jobs/ school etc.f. Shopping centers combat public transportation because it brings young African americans to the areag. Racism has been a factor in shaping our urban areash. Mix used development: have farmers markets around, people can eat healthier and the food is local; also this allows people to walk and get more exercisei. Sillowing: idea that you can get everything you need to know through one topic; downfall of Americai. Transportation departments allocate most money to go to highways and roads and a small percentage goes to public transit and almost none is left for bikers and walkers1. Need someone to integrate these types of transportation2. Needs multi modal transportation systemi. Moving cars through downtown quickly slows down business1. Slow down traffic, increase businessII. Federal governmenta. Trying to promote suburban developmenti. Back then, houses were very high quality, but were very expensiveii. Government planners needed to apply tailorism to housing industry, so they could expand marketb. Watned to build more suburban areas after ww , but no large demand in housing departmenti. Government needed to get women out of the workforce so the men returning from war could get jobs1. Suburbs were desired by governments to get women out of workforceENST 201 1nd Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I. Urban PlanningII. Why did this structure develop?Outline of Current Lecture II. TransportationIII. Federal GovernmentCurrent LectureI. Transportation systema. Eisenhower was leading American general in ww2and saw German auto infrastructure, so when he became president he wanted to imitate it b. During cold war people were afraid of thermonuclear attacks,so they needed to get away quickly from cities being attackedi. Lead to development of highwaysc. Before ww2 cities were like a gridWith interstate system, a highway now cuts through the cityi. The only thing they had like interstates were trolley lines, at the ends of trolley lines were secluded areas where the rich lived (early suburbs)ii. In the 50’s, interstates are used for people who want to move into suburbsiii. When these roads became clogged the solution was to create a bypass road around city1. Unintended consequence, provided framework for little towns along bypass to blow up 2. In 60’s, builders realized they could not build their way out of gridlocka. The more you build, they more gridlock you havei. Short term alleviationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.3. Politicians keep selling this idea, because people only think of short term, which creates jobs, pleases developers (housing, shopping, banks, etc), because they want more places to build houses; they pushed the Highway Trust fund the mosta. 1967: 540 was born, still not done. This is how long it takes to plan developmentsd. Public transportationi. Fixed guideway public transit: Bus, light rail, trolley, heavy commuter rail where they are not affected by traffic1. Not about getting people from place to place, but it is an infrastructure toola. Developers will buy up land around hub stationsii. Unpopular in America because people like convenience, so they do not want to be tied to schedules, cars=freedomiii. Classism and racism is in play, busses and public transit is the “poor” way to get around, even though busses and public transit is more efficient andfaster e. Atlanta: MARTA; people in suburbs didn’t want it to come because they didn’t want it to bring low income people into that areai. But povertyis rising in suburbs and they now have no transportation to get to jobs/ school etc.f. Shopping centers combat public transportation because it brings young African americans to the areag. Racism has been a factor in shaping our urban areash. Mix used development: have farmers markets around, people can eat healthier and the food is local; also this allows people to walk and get more exercisei. Sillowing: idea that you can get everything you need to know through one topic; downfall of Americai. Transportation departments allocate most money to go to highways and roads and a small percentage goes to public transit and almost none is left for bikers and walkers1. Need someone to integrate these types of transportation2. Needs multi modal transportation systemi. Moving cars through downtown quickly slows down