ENST 201 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I. Modern Hunter Gatherers II. PastoralismOutline of Current Lecture I. Modern Pastoralism (Animals)II. AntibioticsIII. Relationship between Rural Areas and CitiesIV. Corn Current LectureI. Modern Pastoralism (Animals)a. Russian conquest of Soviets by taking all the good land at lower altitudes and pushing populations up further into the mountainsi. At lower altitudes: there were better lands for growing crops and raising cattle1. Cattle had good meat and milk, but they could not survive in colder temperaturesii. Areas near streams there were camels that could eat plants with mechanical defensesiii. They also had dogs (Siberian sheepdogs) that were very tough and protectiveiv. Do not want to live near horsemen, because the horses would eat all the grass and the horsemen would leave the area when the land became useless to themv. People in the higher mountainous regions would try to breed a cow yak hybrid1. Yaks could survive in the colder temperatures; however, their milk was very high in fat and their meat was not very desirablevi. They would collect and dry cattle dung to burn for energy and warmth because they did not have reliable energy sourcesvii. Once the Soviets were colonized, they became more sedentary, mostly to provide a better education systemThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Pure forms of Swidden (natives of Colombia) and pastoralism (Soviets in mountains) only exist in places where animals are not domesticated or where there is a limited amount of domesticationII. Antibioticsa. Livestock animals today eat food that is laced with antibioticsi. This brings down food pricesii. Antibiotics can be seen as a market failure because there are fewer classes of antibiotics due to the bacteria’s increasing resistanceIII. Relationship between rural areas and citiesa. Rural areas would provide energy for citiesb. Waste from cities would be collected and shipped back to the rural areasi. The waste would then be recycled and sometimes used to grow cropsii. This system is falling apart due to globalization1. People used to eat food grown locally, but now buy food from further away due to cheap pricesa. Ex. NY used to get most of the food from Long Island, but they started buying from CA because prices were lower2. Areas increased their food production and lowered prices becauseof irrigation, fertilizer, pesticides, large scale machinery, and SELECTIVE BREEDINGa. Selective breeding allowed for animals to grow larger morequicklyIV. Corna. From East to West of US, Corn belt to Wheat belti. Corn belt is shifting further and further east (drier)1. Corn can survive areas in drought, so farmers like these sturdy cropsii. Corn became cheaper over time and also less nutritious1. Corn is almost in all processed foods nowiii. Corn is an attractive crop because1. Hybridizes well2. Roots go straight down, which allows them to be more densely packed on farms and allows for more efficient nutrient absorption by the plantiv. US has greatest surplus of corn1. Using corn to create ethanol (alternative fuel source)a. Caused a rise in food pricesb. Bad investment, because the energy returns do not equal the energy put into producing the