a. Humans are the habitat for tens of thousands of speciesb. Bacteria live in guts, skin, et ceterac. Typically beneficial, but can be harmfuld. Hunter gatherers were mobile, so they tended to not die from diseasee. Infectious Diseasesf. We were on the brink of eliminating diseases like small pox, polio, measles…. Et cetera, but due to some factors (mostly political: anti vaccinators) these diseases are popping up againg. In the 19th century, people would die from small cuts because there were no antibioticsi. Rampant tuberculosisii. Antibiotics were made and for a time things were a lot better; however, now there is MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus) and other resistant strains, so antibiotics are no longer effectiveh. Things that make us sicki. 1. Prions: a protein that self replicates that folds in odd ways1. not treatable2. highly contagious, can get from eating infected tissue, nothing can kill them (not even heat)a. example: mad cow disease3. How did humans get it?a. Mad cow (cows were being fed nervous tissue from infected sheep) half hearted regulations allow some people to feed these things to their animals and kuru (people ate the brains of the deceased)ii. 2. Viruses: are not actually alive; needs a host to reproduce; virus is a protein with genetic material inside1. DNA virus: genetic material goes into host cell nucleus and hijacks the host; easier for society to deal with than RNA virus, because RNA viruses mutate a lot, DNA mutates much slower; much more stable than RNA virus2. RNA virus: mutates very quickly so it is hard to come up with a stable vaccine (ex. Influenza, rhinovirus, herpes, chickenpox)a. Retrovirus: very tricky to deal with still due to high mutation levelsb. Kept AIDS from mutatingiii. 3. Bacteria: can persist on fomites, there are good and bad bacteria1. most serious bacterial infections: staphylococcus, pneumonia, tuberculosis, E coli2. WORST is plagueENST 201 1st Edition Lecture 14Outline of Last Lecture I. Reducing Desired FertilityII. MuhammedYunusIII. Family PlanningOutline of Current Lecture I. Infectious Diseasa. Humans are the habitat for tens of thousands of speciesb. Bacteria live in guts, skin, et ceterac. Typically beneficial, but can be harmfuld. Hunter gatherers were mobile, so they tended to not die from disease e. Infectious Diseasesf. We were on the brink of eliminating diseases like small pox, polio, measles…. Et cetera, but due to some factors (mostly political: anti vaccinators) these diseases are popping up againg. In the 19th century, people would die from small cuts because there were no antibioticsi. Rampant tuberculosisii. Antibiotics were made and for a time things were a lot better; however, now there is MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus) and other resistant strains, so antibiotics are no longer effectiveh. Things that make us sicki. 1. Prions: a protein that self replicates that folds in odd ways1. not treatable2. highly contagious, can get from eating infected tissue, nothing cankill them (not even heat)a. example: mad cow disease3. How did humans get it?a. Mad cow (cows were being fed nervous tissue from infected sheep) half hearted regulations allow some people to feed these things to their animals and kuru (people ate the brains of the deceased)ii. 2. Viruses: are not actually alive; needs a host to reproduce; virus is a protein with genetic material inside1. DNA virus: genetic material goes into host cell nucleus and hijacks the host; easier for society to deal with than RNA virus, because RNA viruses mutate a lot, DNA mutates much slower; much more stable than RNA virus2. RNA virus: mutates very quickly so it is hard to come up with a stable vaccine (ex. Influenza, rhinovirus, herpes, chickenpox)a. Retrovirus: very tricky to deal with still due to high mutation levels b. Kept AIDS from mutating iii. 3. Bacteria: can persist on fomites, there are good and bad bacteria1. most serious bacterial infections: staphylococcus, pneumonia, tuberculosis, E coli2. WORST is