ENST 201 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I Modern Hunter Gatherers II Pastoralism Outline of Current Lecture I Modern Pastoralism Animals II Antibiotics III Relationship between Rural Areas and Cities IV Corn Current Lecture I Modern Pastoralism Animals a Russian conquest of Soviets by taking all the good land at lower altitudes and pushing populations up further into the mountains i At lower altitudes there were better lands for growing crops and raising cattle 1 Cattle had good meat and milk but they could not survive in colder temperatures ii Areas near streams there were camels that could eat plants with mechanical defenses iii They also had dogs Siberian sheepdogs that were very tough and protective iv Do not want to live near horsemen because the horses would eat all the grass and the horsemen would leave the area when the land became useless to them v People in the higher mountainous regions would try to breed a cow yak hybrid 1 Yaks could survive in the colder temperatures however their milk was very high in fat and their meat was not very desirable vi They would collect and dry cattle dung to burn for energy and warmth because they did not have reliable energy sources vii Once the Soviets were colonized they became more sedentary mostly to provide a better education system These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II III IV b Pure forms of Swidden natives of Colombia and pastoralism Soviets in mountains only exist in places where animals are not domesticated or where there is a limited amount of domestication Antibiotics a Livestock animals today eat food that is laced with antibiotics i This brings down food prices ii Antibiotics can be seen as a market failure because there are fewer classes of antibiotics due to the bacteria s increasing resistance Relationship between rural areas and cities a Rural areas would provide energy for cities b Waste from cities would be collected and shipped back to the rural areas i The waste would then be recycled and sometimes used to grow crops ii This system is falling apart due to globalization 1 People used to eat food grown locally but now buy food from further away due to cheap prices a Ex NY used to get most of the food from Long Island but they started buying from CA because prices were lower 2 Areas increased their food production and lowered prices because of irrigation fertilizer pesticides large scale machinery and SELECTIVE BREEDING a Selective breeding allowed for animals to grow larger more quickly Corn a From East to West of US Corn belt to Wheat belt i Corn belt is shifting further and further east drier 1 Corn can survive areas in drought so farmers like these sturdy crops ii Corn became cheaper over time and also less nutritious 1 Corn is almost in all processed foods now iii Corn is an attractive crop because 1 Hybridizes well 2 Roots go straight down which allows them to be more densely packed on farms and allows for more efficient nutrient absorption by the plant iv US has greatest surplus of corn 1 Using corn to create ethanol alternative fuel source a Caused a rise in food prices b Bad investment because the energy returns do not equal the energy put into producing the ethanol