ENST 201 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I Overview of the Demise of the Norse Vikings II Population Growth Outline of Current Lecture I The Switch from Hunting and Gathering to Agriculture II Disadvantages of Agricultural Lifestyles III Advantages of Hunting and Gathering IV Agriculturalists Coexisting with Hunter Gatherers Current Lecture I II III From Diamond article a Body size of humans decreased when they switched to agriculture b Agriculturalists body sizes finally caught up to the size of the hunter gatherers in the 20th century Disadvantages of Agricultural Lifestyles a There is less food variety which results in a very narrow diet i Typically only eat carbs ii Since they only rely on a few cash crops they risk starvation if their crops fail from crop disease or drought iii Since there are large groups of people living in one area they are more at risk of diseases breaking out may be due to poor sanitation iv Lead to a class system where elites control food supply by using religion and land control v Lead to gender issues 1 Women lose power because are able to have more children women s primary role is childrearing 2 Women also become the property of their husbands and or fathers Advantages of Hunting and Gathering a They had diverse diet of protein and fruits b They can easily move to a different area if they encounter drought or famine c Decreased risk for disease outbreaks because they are not sedentary d Not exclusively an advantage Hunter gatherers had a slow population growth These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute IV i amenorrhea women lacked normal menstrual cycle due to 1 body weight and 2 lactation e Lamb method used as a birth control method women must be constantly with their child and constantly feeding them which releases prolactin that can serve as a birth control method f Women began having children later in life because their menstrual cycles start later Agriculturists coexisting with hunter gatherers a Agriculturalists used marriage as a way to decrease promiscuity and to curb male to male violence b At times of equality monogamy is typically the norm c At times of inequality and war polygamy is typically the norm d Hunter gatherers were forced into agricultural life because i Their population increased and their way of life couldn t sustain their population ii They stumbled upon agriculture on accident and gradually fell into relying of that lifestyle iii Competition with agriculturalists pushed hunter gatherers into the least desired lands
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