ENST 201 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Overview of the Demise of the Norse (Vikings)II. Population Growth Outline of Current Lecture I. The Switch from Hunting and Gathering to AgricultureII. Disadvantages of Agricultural LifestylesIII. Advantages of Hunting and GatheringIV. Agriculturalists Coexisting with Hunter GatherersCurrent LectureI. From Diamond articlea. Body size of humans decreased when they switched to agricultureb. Agriculturalists’ body sizes finally caught up to the size of the hunter gatherers in the 20th centuryII. Disadvantages of Agricultural Lifestylesa. There is less food variety, which results in a very narrow dieti. Typically only eat carbsii. Since they only rely on a few cash crops, they risk starvation if their crops fail from crop disease or droughtiii. Since there are large groups of people living in one area, they are more at risk of diseases breaking out (may be due to poor sanitation)iv. Lead to a class system where elites control food supply by using religion and land controlv. Lead to gender issues1. Women lose power, because are able to have more children (women’s primary role is childrearing)2. Women also become the property of their husbands and/ or fathersIII. Advantages of Hunting and Gatheringa. They had diverse diet of protein and fruitsb. They can easily move to a different area if they encounter drought or faminec. Decreased risk for disease outbreaks, because they are not sedentaryd. (Not exclusively an advantage) Hunter gatherers had a slow population growthThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. amenorrhea: women lacked normal menstrual cycle due to (1) body weight and (2) lactatione. “Lamb method”- used as a birth control method; women must be constantly withtheir child and constantly feeding them, which releases prolactin that can serve as a birth control methodf. Women began having children later in life, because their menstrual cycles start laterIV. Agriculturists coexisting with hunter gatherersa. Agriculturalists used marriage as a way to decrease promiscuity and to curb maleto male violenceb. At times of equality, monogamy is typically the normc. At times of inequality and war, polygamy is typically the normd. Hunter gatherers were forced into agricultural life because:i. Their population increased and their way of life couldn’t sustain their populationii. They stumbled upon agriculture on accident and gradually fell into relyingof that lifestyleiii. Competition with agriculturalists pushed hunter gatherers into the least desired
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