ENST 201 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I Infectious Diseases Outline of Current Lecture I Transmission chains II Sir Alexander Flemming Current Lecture I Transmission chains how diseases are passed from one person to another a Direct contact airborne saliva droplets STD s b Indirect contact Fomites bacteria contaminated water and food i Pre 1850 people thought airs and vapors miasmas caused diseases 1 Poor people caught disease more easily because they lived around bad vapors 2 Only way to avoid is to move into more rich areas ii Armies preferred urban people rather than rural kids because urban people have gained immunity toward many diseases by living in urban areas iii 1900 s Jon Snow Father of epidemiology proposed that diseases were carried in water 1 proved people got cholera by drinking water contaminated by infected people s feces by geographically mapping the spread of the disease c Vector an organism is a parasite that takes blood meals from a host i Disease agent requires vector to spread it ii Vectors do not always have to be insects iii Bolarzia and schistosomiasis disease requires multiple hosts liver disease 1 Get it from swimming or washing clothes in contaminated water 2 Must go into snail then once it is done developing it will leave the snail to burrow into a human 3 These diseases seem to be able to alter the brain by taking away flight or fight response a Crazy cat ladies brains have been hijacked by parasites These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II d Zoonosis disease obtained from animals i When humans picks up this disease it is very dangerous because humans have not had prior exposure but typically do not pass it on to other humans however a mutation may occur to allow bacteria to infect humans 1 Ex Avian flu e Host anything that can harbor a disease agent f Reservoir for disease the natural source of disease i Ex Ebola reservoir is possibly bats g Endemic disease is always circulating in same place h Epidemic disease moves around everywhere i Natural nidus natural reservoir of disease as well as optimal environment i What temps weathers etc are optimal for disease j Plague moved from South Asia cold dry desert to south west US k Trade helps move diseases people who are scared of disease will move to different local populations and bring diseases with them Sir Alexander Fleming 1928 he returned from holidays and did not clean petri dish very well and had Staphylococcus in his dish that was contaminated by fungus a Lead to development of penicillin b Penicillin used to be the cure all but now it is not that useful anymore i Due to misuse of antibiotics ii Overuse of antibiotics 1 Confined Animal Feed Operations feed animals antibiotics iii Russian prison system Men reacted to fall of government with petty crime had many people in one cell and people would take turns using the beds 1 Tuberculosis started spreading through the systems 2 Doctors did not have enough medicine for all the prisoners 3 Tomk s prison 9 worst case of resistance
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