PSY 213 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I Gross Motor Skills II Fine Motor Skills III Sensory and Perceptual Development IV Exploring Sensory and Perceptual Development V Visual Perception VI Other Senses VII Intermodal Perception VIII Cognitive Development IX Piaget s Theory X Evaluating Piaget s Sensorimotor Stage XI Learning Remembering and Conceptualizing XII Language Development XIII Defining Language XIV How Language Develops Outline of Current Lecture I How language develops II Biological Influences III Environmental Influences IV Interactionist View V Emotional Development These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute VI Temperament Current Lecture I How language develops First words between to and fifteen months of age There are cultural differences a English speaking babies say familiar animals people vehicles toys body parts and greetings b 13 month olds can understand around 50 words but not capable of producing them until fifteen months of age i Vocab spurt happens at 2 years of age c Infancy receptive vocabulary considerably exceeds spoken vocabulary i Receptive vocabulary Words the child understands ii Spoken vocabulary Words the child uses iii Vocabulary spurt Two word utterances or telegraphic stage d To convey meaning child relies on i Gesture tone and context e Telegraphic speech Use of short and precise words without grammatical markers i Articles auxiliary verbs and other connective II Biological Influences Regions involved in language a Broca s area In the brain s left frontal lobe that is involved in speech production b Wernicke s area In the brain s left hemisphere that is involved in language comprehension Language acquisition device LAD Chomsky s term that describes a biological endowment enabling the child to c Detect the features and rules of language including phonology syntax and semantics III Environmental Influences Behaviorist view of language learning has several problems a Does not explain how people create novel sentences b Children learn the syntax of their native language even if they are not reinforced for doing so Vocabulary development is linked to c Family s socioeconomic status d Type of talk that parents direct to their children Child directed speech Language spoken in a higher pitch than normal using simple words and sentences Children who grow up in poverty need story book reading and play in order to have literacy skills and speech Three strategies to enhance child s acquisition of language Recasting saying what the child says back to him with the appropriate sentence structure Ex Me go to store Ohhh you want to go to the store I want to go to the store too Expanding add info or details Ex I want ball Ohhh do you want the bug green ball or small red ball Labeling walk around and label objects IV Emotional Development Emotion Feeling or affect that occurs when a person is in a state or interaction that is important to him or her Biological and environmental influences Certain brain regions play a role in emotions Emotion linked interchanges Social relationships Relationships and culture provide diversity in emotional experiences Emotional expression and social relationships Crying Basic cry Rhythmic pattern usually consisting of Anger cry Variation of the basic cry with more excess air forced through the vocal cords Pain cry Sudden long initial loud cry followed by breath holding Reflexive smile Smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli Social smile In response to an external stimulus Stranger anxiety Separation protest Social referencing Smiling Fear Emotional regulation and coping Caregivers actions and contexts can influence emotional regulation Soothing a crying infant helps infants develop a sense of trust and secure attachment to the caregiver V Temperament Individual differences in behavioral styles emotions and characteristic ways of responding Describing and classifying temperament Chess and Thomas classification Easy child Difficult child Slow to warm up child