PSY 213 1st Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture I. Physical ChangesII. Adolescent SexualityOutline of Current Lecture I. Adolescent CognitionII. SchoolsIII. IdentityIV. FamiliesCurrent LectureI. Adolescent CognitionPiaget’s theory: entering new stage of thinking a. Formal operational stage i. More abstract than concrete operational thoughtii. Increased verbal problem-solving abilityiii. Increased tendency to think about thought itself. Reflect on thinking iv. Thoughts of idealism and possibilities. Very ideological. Very critical, thinkabout all possibilities v. More logical thought1. Hypothetical-deductive reasoning: Creating a hypothesis and deducing its implications. Hypothesis ad testing them outb. Evaluating Piaget’s theoryThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- underestimating children- sometimes adults can not reach this level Adolescent egocentrism: Heightened self-consciousness of adolescents. “everyone is paying attention to me”Imaginary audience: Adolescents’ belief that others are as interested in them as theythemselves are. Exaggerated sense of self. Attention-getting behaviorPersonal fable: Involves a sense of uniqueness and invincibility. Problematic will cause reckless behavior. Information processingAdolescence are better at paying attention to things they do not know. Executive functioning - Involves higher-order cognitive activities such as. Really important academicallyMonitoring progress Decision makingCritical thinkingII. SchoolsThe transition to middle or junior high schoola. Drop in school satisfactionTop-dog phenomenon: Move from the top position in elementary school to:The lowest position in middle or junior high schoolEffective schools for young adolescentsDevelop smaller communities that lessen impersonality of middle schoolsLower student-counselor ratios to 10-to-1Involve parents and community leadersIntegrate several disciplines in a flexible curriculumBoost students’ health and fitness with more programsProvide public health careHigh schoolGraduate with inadequate reading, writing, and mathematical skillsHigh schools should discourage dropping outService learning: Form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the communityIII. IdentitySelf-portrait composed of many piecesa. Vocational/careerb. Politicalc. Religion or lack ofd. Relationshipe. Achievement, intellectualf. Sexuality g. Cultural/ethnich. InterestsErikson’s view i. Identity versus identity confusioni. Psychosocial moratorium - Gap between childhood security and adult autonomyii. Adolescents experiment with different roles and personalitiesiii. Adolescents who cope with conflicting identities emerge with a new sense of selfEthnic identity:Enduring aspect of the self that includes:j. Sense of membership in an ethnic groupk. Attitudes and feelings related to that membershipMany adolescents develop a bicultural identityl. Identify in some ways with their ethnic group and in other ways with the majoritycultureWhen children enter high school is when children have to face ethnic identity IV. FamiliesParental monitoring and information managementa. Supervising adolescents’ choice of:i. Social settingsii. Activitiesiii. Friendsiv. Academic effortsb. When parents engage in positive parenting practices:i. Adolescents are more likely to disclose informationParent-adolescent conflictc. Increases in early adolescence but does not reach the tumultuous