PSY 213 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. Educational IssuesII. Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental TheoryIII. Information ProcessingOutline of Current Lecture I. Information ProcessingII. IntelligenceCurrent LectureI. Information ProcessingFuzzy trace theory: Considering two types of memory representations: a. Verbatim memory trace - remembering every single detail of something you encounter b. Gist - ability to memorize and recall, have the idea of it but don’t remember every detail. “you get the gist of it” . . . More efficient! Less challenging, more liking to call upon the memory down the road because we are not “bogged” down my excess facts.Thinking:c. Involves manipulating and transforming information in memory. Like in lecture, put it into own words and in long term memory d. Critical thinking – reflecting and evaluating Creative thinking: Ability to think in novel and unusual wayse. Come up with unique solutions to problems These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.f. Convergent thinking: Produces one correct answer i. Kind of thinking tested by standardized intelligence tests. One correct answer!g. Divergent thinking: Produces many answers to the same question i. Creativityii. No right or wrong answer II. IntelligenceAbility to solve problems and to adapt and learn from experiencesa. Individual differences - Stable, consistent ways in which people differ from each other and how they approach problem solving b. Binet testsi. Mental age (MA): Individual’s level of mental development relative to other. Comparing me to other indiviuals of same age and backgroundii. Intelligence quotient (IQ): Person’s mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100. score is compared to the “norm”iii. Normal distribution: Symmetrical distribution1. Most scores falling in the middle of the possible range of scores 2. Few scores appearing toward the extremes of the range3. One in fifty people have an IQ score higher than 130 or less than c. Wechsler ScalesTypes of intelligenced. Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligencei. Analytical intelligence – analyze factors, use judgment, evaluate and compare it to what we know. ii. Creative intelligencePractical intelligence – ability to apply, implement to what we know Gardner’s eight frames of mind:Verbal – interact with people, communicate effectively MathematicalSpatial – find way around without gps, ability to maneuver around environment effectivelyBodily-kinesthetic – athletic talent MusicalInterpersonal – understanding other peopleIntrapersonal – understanding yourselfNaturalist - biology Evaluating multiple-intelligence approaches Culture and intelligence Interpreting differences in IQ scores (IQ tests are primarily based on western values. . .) Influences of genetics Environmental influences – things like early diet. Having access to stimulating things, educational opportunities Group differences Culture-fair tests: Designed to be free of cultural
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