PSY 213 1st EditionFinal Exam Study Guide Lectures: 22 - 27Lecture 22Ch. 11- What is emerging adulthood? Is it present in all nations? What are some key features of this stage? Know the markers of becoming an adult. o Emerging adulthood: transition from adolescents to adulthood (occurs 18-25).o Not as clearly defined in all nations or in low SES familieso Key Features: Identity exploration, especially in love and work – what do I want Instability, self-focused, and feeling in-between – things are changing a lotfor many people The age of possibilities, a time when individuals have an opportunity to transform their lives – career, school… more options Many young people are optimistic during this time in there lives. And experimental. o Markers of becoming an adult: Holding a full-time job Economic independence – paying for everything themselves  Taking responsibility for oneself Marriage/parenthood #1 marker of adulthood in other nations- Review the section on health in early adulthood. o Emerging adults have twice the mortality rate of adolescents – twice as likely to die. Boys and males are also more likely because of risk taking and reckless behavior o Few chronic health problems - as you get older get less sick o Increase in bad health habits – poor eating, inactivity, smoking, substance abuseo Eating and weighto Obesity - Linked to increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease 27%. In next 15 years almost half will be obese  US has highest % of overweight and obese adults  Dieting - Become an obsession with many Americans although obesity is on the riseo Regular exercise Helps prevent chronic disorders Aerobic exercise: Sustained exercise that stimulates heart and lung activity Exercise benefits both physical and mental health Helps mental health Helps diseases like arthritis - Review the section on substance abuse. o Substance abuse – rises during early adulthood  Alcohol - Only 20% sustain from drinking Binge drinking – peak in 21 – 22 then slowly decline. Increases in college.Over a third fit in this category. 5 or more drinks in a row in the past week.10 or more drinks in a row in the past week = extreme binge drinking. Extreme binge drinkers are more likely to drink and drive 10 times more likely! And twice more likely to have unprotected sex.  Pre gaming- What is the average age of marriage for American men and women? o 27 for womeno 29 for men- Review the section on sexual orientation and behavior. Be sure to review attitudes and behavior of lesbians and gay males. o Heterosexual attitudes and behavioro Americans fall into three categories:o 1/3 twice a week or moreo 1/3 a few times a montho 1/3 few times a year or not at allo Married (and cohabiting) couples have sex more often than non-cohabiting coupleso Most Americans do not engage in kinky sexual actso Adultery is the exception rather than the ruleo Men think about sex far more often than women doo 75% of married men 85% of married women have not cheated of their spouse o 17% on men 3% of women have had sex with 21 partnerso Attitudes and behavior of lesbians and gay males  Many gender differences that appear in heterosexual relationships occur insame-sex relationships Lesbians and gays experience life as a minority in a dominant, majority culture- Developing a bicultural identity creates new ways of defining themselves. Just like straight men, gay men usually have more sexual partners than gay women and straight women.Lecture23- How many U.S. adults contract an STI? Review statistics on HIV and AIDS. o 1 in 6 will have a STIo Most common: gonorrhea and chlamydia  Also viral: herpes, HIV AIDS, HPV. Have to live with for the rest of their lives. - Review characteristics of postformal thought. o Reflective, relativistic, and contextual: people think more deeply about issues. Relationships, politics, context of which people do thingso Provisional: more skeptical o Realistico Recognized as being influenced by emotion- Review career development, the impact of work, work during college, and diversity in theworkplace. o The impact of work Important consideration is how stressful the work is People spend 1/3 of their life at worko Work during college Working can pay or help offset some costs of schooling But can also can restrict students’ opportunities to learn Stress effects productivity and health o Diversity in the workplace Women have increasingly entered the labor force Ethnic diversity also increasing in the workplace in almost every developed countryCh. 12- Review findings on attachment and romantic relationships. o Attachment Secure attachment style: have a positive view of relationships and find it easy to get close to others Avoidant attachment style: are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships. Higher rates of cheating  Anxious attachment style: demand closeness, are less trusting, more emotional, jealous, and possessive. Associated with depression, not sexually satisfiedo Intimacy Self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts Erikson’s stage: Intimacy versus isolationo Develop committed relationship with someone. Failure to do so results in social isolation o Intimacy is finding oneself while losing oneself in another persono Intimacy and independence- Review Erikson’s State of Intimacy vs. Isolation.o finding oneself while losing oneself in another person, and it requires a commitment to another person.- Review Sternberg’s 3 dimensions of love. o Romantic love: Passionate love, or eroso Affectionate love: Companionate love Desires to have the other person nearo Based on a deep and caring affection Consummate love: strongest form of loveMade up of passion, intimacy, and commitment - What are some stereotypes about single adults? What problems do single adults face? Advantages? o “Swinging single” to the “desperately lonely, suicidal” single- Review findings on cohabitating adults. o Living together in a sexual relationship without being marriedo Reasons for cohabiting Spend time together Share expenses Evaluate compatibilityLower marital satisfaction and increased likelihood of divorce - Know the factors that contribute to divorce. o Youthful marriageo Low educational levelo Low income levelo Not having a religious affiliationo Having divorced parentso Having a baby before marriageLecture 24- What are