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ISU PSY 213 - Evolutionary Psychology
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PSY 213 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. Methods for collecting data.II. Research design.III. Time span of research.IV. Conducting ethical research. Outline of Current Lecture I. Evolutionary PsychologyII. Genetic Foundations of DevelopmentIII. Genes and ChromosomesIV. Genetic PrinciplesV. Sex-Linked Chromosome AbnormalitiesCurrent LectureI. Evolutionary Psychology- Emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behavior- Evolutionary developmental psychology- Adaptation: in order to continue to survive organisms (animals or people) have to learnhow to adapt to your environment. - All of our behaviors have evolved. The reason we have the behaviors we do is because they have withstood the test of time. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.WE HAVE TO ADAPT!! II. Genetic Foundations of Development- Human life begins as a single cell pregnancy begins with a single cell.- Nucleus of each cell contains chromosomes: have our DNA.- Genes: Units of hereditary information are short segments of DNA- DNA: genetic blueprint for development - Human genome consists of many genes that collaborate: entire set of genes that we have. We have about 20,500 genes. - Activity of genes is affected by their environment things like stress, radiation, and extreme temperature. The environment can turn on a gene. III. Genes and ChromosomesMitosis, meiosis, and fertilizationa. Mitosis: Reproduction of cells, we all have or born with 23 pairs of cells or 46 total. It’s the 23rd pair that determines what sex. XY male XX female. b. Meiosis: Cell division that forms sperm and eggs (gametes) c. Fertilization: A stage in reproduction when an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, called a zygote. Zygote is the very beginning stage of pregnancy.Sources of variabilityd. Combining the genes of two parents in off spring increases genetic variability… we are not clones of our parents. e. Important sources of variability:i. Chromosomes in the zygote are NOT exact copies of those in the mother’sovaries and the father’s testesii. DNAMutated gene - Permanently altered segment of DNAf. Genotype – genetic heritage. All genetic material we have. Genetic make up. Not directly observable. Susceptibility genes – make us more venerable to certain things like diseases.. Longevity genes- makes us less likely to get certain diseases or to live to a greater age. g. Phenotype – observable characteristics. Hair color, eye color, skin color. Genotypes affect this. IV. Genetic PrinciplesDominant and recessive genes principlea. One gene of a pair always exerts its effects (dominant), overriding the potential influence of the other gene (recessive) if you have a recessive and dominate genedominate takes over. If you inherit two recessive genesSex-linked genesb. When a mutated gene is carried on the X chromosome, the result is called X-linked inheritance. A lot of diseases are carried on and X chromosome. Polygenic inheritancec. Polygenically determined by the interaction of many different genes. Our “smartness” is created by multiple genes not just one.d. Gene-gene interactionV. Sex-Linked Chromosome AbnormalitiesKlinefelter syndrome - Genetic disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome, making them XXY instead of XY- They are well above average height. Body fat distribution resembles women's. At puberty incomplete sex organ development. They’re sterile.Fragile X syndrome - Genetic disorder that results from an abnormality in the X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks off- Intellectual disabilities, some diagnosed with autism, impulsivity (ADHD), lack ofsocial skills. Turner syndrome - Chromosome disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted- Physical defects, abnormally short body type, webbed looking neck, incomplete sexual development at puberty, and sterile.XYY syndrome - Chromosomal disorder in which the male has an extra Y chromosome - Above average height. Teeth are larger, severer acne, intelligent, sexual development in puberty, and not


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ISU PSY 213 - Evolutionary Psychology

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