PSY 213 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture I. PeersII. SchoolsOutline of Current Lecture I. Physical ChangesII. Adolescent SexualityCurrent LectureI. Physical ChangesPuberty: Period of rapid physical maturation, occurring primarily in early adolescence, that involves hormonal and bodily changesa. Sexual maturation, height, and weight: about age 9 growth spurts with girls. And age 11 for boysb. 3.5 inches a year girls. 4 inches boys.i. Marked weight and height gainsii. Facial and chest hair growth in malesiii. Pubic hair growthiv. Breast growth in femalesv. Menarche: Girl’s first menstruationvi. Spirmarche: first ejaculation 1. Overall girls get more support and info about puberty rather than boysThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Both boys and girls produce male and female hormonesPubertyHormonal changesHormones: Chemicals secreted by the endocrine glands and carried throughout the body by the bloodstreamEndocrine system’s role in puberty involves interaction: HypothalamusPituitary glandGonadsIncreases in testosterone and estradiolGirls who are overweight and obese are more likely to start period sooner.Average age of puberty has declined significantly especially in girlsBoys malnutrition will delay puberty PubertyTiming and variations in pubertyAverage age of menarche has declined significantly since mid-19th centuryImproved nutrition and healthPubertal sequence begins:Boys 10-13.5Girls 9-15Body imagePreoccupation with body image is strong throughout adolescenceGirls are less happy with their bodies and have more negative body imagesEarly and late maturationBoysEarly-maturing boys view themselves more positively and have more successful peer relationsLate- by the time they’re in their 30’s they report stronger sense of identity.GirlsEarly-maturing girls show greater satisfaction early but less satisfaction later, at risk. They think they’re adults, more likely to smoke, hangout with older peers, drink alcohol, mire likely to have eating disorder, in conflict with parents struggling with independence.The brainCorpus callosum - The location where fibers connect the brain’s left and right hemispheres. This thickens up during puberty/adolescence. More efficient. Speed of processing, ability to think. Prefrontal cortexThe highest level of the frontal lobes involved in reasoning, decision making, and self-control. Undergoing quite a bit of change during adolescence. Amygdala - The region of the brain that is the seat of emotions. Emotions override reason. This part of brain undergoing a lot of change. Gay males and lesbians struggle with same-sex attractionsRisk factors in adolescent sexual behavior Kids having sex at early age are more likely to engage in:Drug use, delinquency, and school-related problemsAdolescent sexualityDeveloping a sexual identity: sense of who you are, what are you interested in Learning to manage sexual feelingsDeveloping new forms of intimacyLearning skills to regulate sexual behaviorSexual identity includes:ActivitiesInterestsStyles of behaviorIndication of sexual orientationII. Adolescent SexualityContraceptive usei. Two kinds of risks 1. Unintended, unwanted pregnancy 2. Sexually transmitted infectionsii. Adolescents are increasing their use of contraceptivesSexually transmitted infections (STIs): Contracted primarily through sexual contactiii. Including oral-genital and anal-genital contactAdolescent pregnancy: USA highest amount in the world Outcomesiv. Low birth weight, neurological problems, childhood illness. Child more likely to have this with adolescent pregnancy v. Mothers drop out of school and never catch up economicallyReducing adolescent