PSY 213 1st Edition Lecture 24Outline of Last Lecture I. Love and Close RelationshipsII. Adult LifestylesOutline of Current Lecture I. Challenges in Marriage, Parenting, and DivorceII. Gender, Communication, and RelationshipsIII. The Nature of Middle AdulthoodIV. Physical DevelopmentV. Cognitive DevelopmentCurrent LectureI. Challenges in Marriage, Parenting, and DivorceBecoming a parenta. For many young adults, parental roles are:i. Well planned/ aren't surprises ii. Coordinated with other roles in lifeiii. Developed with the individual’s economic situation in mind/ a lot of young people they think about if they have the money for itiv. Fathers are increasing their role of involvement v. Most couples have slight dip in satisfaction of relationship These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.vi. Most happy couples happy with relationships continue to be happy after having baby vii. Troubled relationships bringing a baby into relationship notice a big dip in satisfaction b. For others, the discovery that they are about to become parents is a startling surpriseBecoming a parentc. Trends in childbearing – overall have changed drastically in the past 50 yearsi. Better access to birth controlii. Societies expectations have changed a great deal iii. By giving birth to fewer children and reducing the demands of child care, women free up a significant portion of their life spans for other endeavorsiv. As working women increase in number, they invest less actual time in the child’s developmentv. Men are apt to invest a greater amount of time in fatheringvi. Parental care is often supplemented by institutional careDealing with divorced. Divorced adults:i. Difficulty in trusting someone else in a romantic relationship especially if divorce was bad.e. But they feel better after than before the divorce f. Younger adults are more likelyg. Person who initiates divorce usually remarries firsth. Strategies for divorced adultsi. Thinking of divorce as a chance to grow personally and to develop more positive relationshipsii. Making decisions carefullyiii. Focusing more on the future than the pastiv. Using your strengths and resources to cope with difficultiesv. Not expecting to be successful and happy in everything you doII. Gender, Communication, and RelationshipsTwo ways of communications a. Rapport talk: Language of conversationb. Report talk: Talk that is designed to give informationi. Includes public speakingIII. The Nature of Middle AdulthoodChanging midlifea. As adults become older, their age identity is younger than their chronological agei. Age identity is younger than chronological age they feel happy and healthierb. An increasing percentage of the population is made up of middle-aged and older adultsi. Life expectancies is 78.ii. Whole population is growing older 1. 50 year olds are in better shape and report better health than 40 year olds a decade agoDefining middle adulthoodc. Middle adulthood: 40–45 years of age to about 60–65 years of aged. Declining physical skills and increasing responsibilitye. Awareness of the young-old polarity – more years behind you than you have left f. Transmitting something meaningful to the next generation. Want to feel as if their life meant something g. Reaching and maintaining career satisfactionh. This group of middle aged are the healthiest, best educated, and largest group of middle aged adults i. Late midlife (55 to 65) is likely to be characterized by:j. Gains and losses and biological and sociocultural factors balance each otherk. Death of a parentl. Last child leaving parental homem. Becoming a grandparentn. Preparing/ planning for retirement IV. Physical DevelopmentPhysical changesa. Visible signsi. Wrinkling and sagging of skinii. Appearance of aging spotsiii. Hair becomes thinner and grayeriv. Nails become thicker and more brittlev. Yellowing of teethb. Height and weighti. Individuals lose height and gain weightii. Being overweight is a critical health problem in middle adulthoodc. Strength, joints, and bonesi. Cushions for bone movement become less efficient1. Leading to joint stiffness and more difficulty in movementii. Progressive bone lossd. Vision and hearingi. Accommodation of the eye - Ability to focus and maintain an image on the retinaii. Difficulty viewing close objectsiii. Reduced blood supply decreases visual fieldiv. Hearing can start to decline by the age of 40v. High-pitched sounds are typically lost firste. Cardiovascular systemi. High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and cardiovascular diseaseii. Exercise, weight control, and a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can often helpiii. Metabolic syndrome – related to being obese. f. Lungsi. Lung tissue becomes less elastic at about age 55, decreasing the lung’s capacityii. Sleepiii. Wakeful periods become more frequent in the 40’siv. Sleep-disordered breathing and restless legs syndromeHealth and diseaseg. Frequency of accidents declines in middles adulthoodi. Individuals are less susceptible to colds and allergies ii. Don’t take as many risks h. Stress is increasingly being found to be a factor in diseasei. Mental health concernsii. More likely to be sick, don’t eat or sleep as well, much more likely to havecardiovascular disease Chronic stress can interfere with immune functioningi. Linked to disease through immune system and cardiovascular factorsMortality ratesj. Infectious diseases tend to decline in middle adulthoodi. Coldii. fluk. Chronic diseases are the main cause of death during middle adulthood i. Heart diseaseii. Cancer1. Leading causes of death Sexualityl. Climacteric: Midlife transition in which fertility declines – happens in men and womenm. Menopause: Cessation of a woman’s menstrual periodsi. During the late forties or early fiftiesii. Hot flashes, nausea, fatigue, and rapid heartbeatn. Hormonal changes in middle-aged meni. Decline in sexual hormone level and activityii. Erectile dysfunction - Inability to achieve and maintain an erectionV. Cognitive DevelopmentIntelligencea. Crystallized intelligence – accumulated information of what we know: reading comprehension, vocabulary, and ability to apply what we knowi. Continues to increase in middle adulthoodFluid intelligence – abstract reasoning skills and speed in which we think b. May begin to decline in middle adulthoodc. The