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ISU PSY 213 - Methods for Collecting Data
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PSY 213 1st Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture I. Theories of development.II. Cognitive theories.III. Behavioral and social cognitive theories.IV. Ethological theory.V. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory. Outline of Current Lecture I. Methods for collecting data.II. Research design.III. Time span of research.IV. Conducting ethical research. Current LectureI. Methods for collecting data.Observation – observe as it’s occurring a. Laboratory: Controlled setting in which many of the complex factors of the real world are removed (problem: artificial… how they act in this environment is different than in real life.)b. Naturalistic observation: Studies that involve observing behavior in real-world settings (problem: we can’t control what happens in the environment.)Survey and interview (problem: they can lie. Good thing: anonymous, they don’t cost much, simple, bigger group and fast, easier to collect data.)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Standardized test: Uniform procedures for administration and scoring (ex. IQ tests.)Case study: extensive research that is done that uses one person or a few people. Used when you want to find a full/ really detailed observation on someone. Problem: you can’t generalize how this one person or people act with other people. Physiological measures: methods that measure types of things like heart rate, blood pressure, sweating… when exposed to certain things. II. Research design.Descriptive research: research that’s designed for us to observe and record behavior. There are two different ways1. Correlational research: looking at the relationship between something. - Correlation coefficient: A number based on statistical analysis that is used to describe the degree of association between two variables… there’s a relationship between how much we study and how well we do on tests. Strength of relationship not causation!! - Ranges from -1.00 to +1.00 – closer you get to one or the other the stronger the relationship 2. Experimental research – can determine causation. - Experiment: One or more of the factors are manipulated while all other factors are held constant- Independent – thing we manipulate. and dependent variables – thing that we measure/ outcome. - Experimental and control groups (used to compare)III. Time span of research.Cross-sectional approach – study individuals of different ages (possibly) and compare them at one time. We want to know how younger vs. older people deal with things. Ex. traumaLongitudinal approach – more complicated but better. Same people are studied over a period of time… months or years, sometimes over many years. Look how different groups of people develop. Ex. Study baby boomers and how they grew up was different from earlier generations. Cohort effects – due to someone’s time of birth or era. Something has affected a certain group of people, which has nothing to do with age. IV. Conducting ethical research. American Psychological Association’s ethics guidelines that address:a. Informed consent – people have the right to know what it is that is being asked of them, what their involvement consists of, and they have the right to quit without anything bad happening to them. b. Confidentiality – we don’t have the right as researchers to violate confidentiality. Make individuals numbers don’t use names when identifying them in research. c. Debriefing – tell what the research was looking at. To make sure people don’t walk away upset. d.


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ISU PSY 213 - Methods for Collecting Data

Type: Lecture Note
Pages: 3
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