PSY 213 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. Information ProcessingII. Understanding Phonology and MorphologyIII. Advances in PragmaticsIV. Early Childhood EducationV. Variations in Early Childhood EducationVI. Early Childhood EducationVII. The SelfVIII. ParentingIX. Child MaltreatmentOutline of Current Lecture I. Body Growth and ChangeII. The BrainIII. ExerciseIV. Health, Illness, and DiseaseV. The Scope of DisabilitiesCurrent LectureI. Body Growth and ChangeGrowth averages 2–3 inches per yeara. Girls grow faster, average girl is slightly taller than average boy.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Weight gain averages 5–7 pounds a yearMuscle mass and strength increase as “baby fat” decreasesb. Legs and feet grow faster than legs and handsII. The BrainBrain volume stabilizesa. Very close to its adults sizeSignificant changes in structures and regions occur, especially in the prefrontal cortex. Part of the brain in control of planning, attention, and self-regulation. Most children do better in school.Activation of some brain areas increase while others decreasei. Normal developmental phenomenon: getting B’s and D’s mixed up. III. ExerciseHigher level of physical activity is linked to:a. Lower level of metabolic disease risk based on measures :i. Cholesterol, waist circumference – puts them at higher risk for hyper tension, and insulin levelsIV. Health, Illness, and DiseaseMiddle and late childhood is a time of excellent health Disease and death are less prevalenta. Many face health problems that harm their developmentb. Some children do face health problems that can effect development – like obesityOverweight childrenCauses of children being overweighti. Heredity and environmental contexts – eating choices and genetics. ii. About 1 in 3 middle school students are overweight. 30%Consequences of being overweightiii. Diabetes, hypertension, and elevated blood cholesterol levelsIntervention programs – family based interventions iv. Putting child on strict diet is bad. Especially with girls = eating disorders. CancerSecond leading cause of death in children 5–14 years old v. Strong healthy metabolism spreads disease faster.Most common child cancer is leukemiaChildren with cancer are surviving longer because of advancements in cancer treatment – still has high lethal level V. The Scope of DisabilitiesLearning disability: Difficulty in learning that involves understanding or using spoken or written language, and the difficulty can appear in listening, thinking, reading, writing, and spelling . . . Gap between what child is capable of and how they preform a. Dyslexia - Severe impairment in the ability to read and spell. Can include letter reversal but doesn’t have to b. Dysgraphia - Difficulty in handwriting. . . Where child can read and understand but putting it on paper is very difficult c. Dyscalculia - Developmental arithmetic disorderParent with learning disability has a higher likely hood for children to have them too. Multiple areas of the brain are involved Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivityBoys are 3 to 4 times more likely to be diagnosedNumber of children diagnosed has increasedPossible causes Genetics Brain damage during prenatal or postnatal development Cigarette and alcohol exposure during prenatal development Low birth