BIOL 152 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 8 Lecture 1 January 20 Syllabus and course information was discussed this day Lecture 2 January 22 Important terms and concepts to know Phenotype Population genetics Species Gene pool Population Somatic and germ line mutations o Deleterious o Neutral o Advantageous o Adapted Genetics Gregor Mendel Gene locus Homologous chromosomes Heterozygous Phenotype genotype Dominance vs recessive Punnet squares Population Genetics Alleles in a population Allele Frequencies Genotypic Frequencies Hardy Weinburg Equation Lecture 3 January 27 Case Study more in depth description on Lecture 3 notes on GradeBuddy Lecture 4 January 29 Natural Selection Darwin and his studies Importance of Alfred Russel Wallace Darwin s proof Darwin and Wallace s conclusions Natural selection and populations o Directional slection o Disruptive selection o Stabilizing selection Mating system o Sexual selection o Non random mating Immigration Emigration Population size Species and Speciation Lecture 5 February 3 Continuous variation Discontinuous variation Isolation speciation A case study in speciation more details in Lecture 5 notes posted on GradeBuddy Biological species definition Ecological species definition Morphological species definition Phylogenetic species definition Three outcomes due to renewed or continued contact between species Gene flow barriers o Post zygotic o Pre zygotic o Ecological isolation Lecture 6 February 5 Allopatric speciation Phylogenetic perspective Charles Darwin Important scientists o Charles Lyell o Lamark o James Hutton Darwin synthesizes DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION An evolutionary pattern Process yielding descent with modification Tracing ancestries Reconstructing evolutionary history Analogous vs homologous characteristics Using homology to trace ancestry Phylogenies classification Classification system Groups o Monophyletic o Paraphyletic o Polyphyletic Classification Summary Lecture 7 February 10 Cycling Carbon Charles Keeling Atmospheric CO2 increased by o Geological processes o Biological processes o Humans Atmospheric CO2 decreased by o Geological processes o Biological processes Short term carbon cycle CO2 increase correlations Does correlation causation Diversity of life on Earth o Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Archaea Bacterial Structure and diversity Gram stain o Positive o Negative Shape of cells Lecture 8 February 12 Carbon isotopes Bacteria Prokaryotic shapes sizes Bacterial flagellum Diversity of prokaryotes Nutritional diversity o Autotrophs Photoautotrophs Chemoautotrophs o Heterotrophs Photoheterotrophs Chemoheterotrophs Protobacteria Cyanobacteria Archaea Prokaryote summary Horizontal gene transfer o Conjugation o Transformation o Transduction Endosymbiosis Mitochondria and chloroplasts Characteristics of a eukaryotic cell Diversity in eukaryotes
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