ANTHRCUL 101 Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. Getting Ghost: An IntroductionII. Production of Cultural DifferenceOutline of Current Lecture I. Intro to the LectureII. Living with DifferenceIII. Nations and NationalitiesIV. Roots and Results of Ethnic Conflicta. Three Theories of Ethnic Violence:V. Background: Breakdown of YugoslaviaVI. Background: Bosnian War Current Lecture1/28/15: An Anthropology of Ethnic Violence **Test Prep Advice- To study vocab terms: check glossary, then index- Cross reference what you find with the lecture notes/slides- Questions about readings/videos: tend to look towards general ideas, not specific details – usually something talked about in classVII. Intro to the Lecturea. Today and Friday: using the breakup of Yugoslavia and the Bosnian war as a case study to look at nationalism and ethnic violence – figure out how humans make classifications, separate things i. How does this relate to Getting Ghost?b. Even though there is/has been a lot of violence in the US, there is a tendency to not look at the violence as something we are not connected to (unless you are a part of what happens) – we tend to de-politicize violence – Prof. wants us to see past that, to the big picture. VIII. Living with DifferenceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Multiculturalism: a view of cultural diversity as a good, desirable thing to have in a societyi. Political, economic separation often tells a different storyii. De-differentiation: the idea that making difference so safe that it ignores the actual differences – pretend that we have diversity at the expense of social inequalityb. Assimilationist Society: a view of society involving dominance at some level – the idea that difference is tolerated as long as whoever is different is becoming part of the mainstream culture (nationalist ideology)c. Plural Society: often involves dominance, but not necessarily – involves groups that coexist based on some kind of specialized niche that each group fulfillsi. Ex: one ethnic group grows the crops, the other sells themii. No assimilation requiredIX. Nations and Nationalitiesa. Nation: Originally used to describe ethnic groups; now often used to describe politically autonomous nation-statesb. Nationalities: Often used to describe ethnic groups that once had, or wish to regain, autonomous political statusc. Nationalism: In its strongest negative form, used to describe a strong, ethnocentric attachment to a nationalityX. Roots and Results of Ethnic Conflicta. Often arises in reaction to prejudice, discrimination, and stereotypesb. Cultural Colonialism: Internal domination of one group by anotheri. Can be found by looking at conflicts within a culture ii. In the extreme, can result in genocide or ethnocide1. Genocide: deliberate elimination of a group through mass murder2. Ethnocide: destruction of a culture/ethnic group, or forced assimilation (not necessarily eliminating the actual people)c. Three Theories of Ethnic Violence:i. Primordial: Deep rooted attachments to identity, longstanding “feuds” build up over time, lead to violenceii. Instrumental: Elite manipulations controlling local populations – powerfulleaders instill hatred between groups by telling them bad things about another group (“You should go kill this group because they might attack you,” etc.)iii. State Breakdown: Reinvention of identity in a context of elite manipulation and extreme human insecurityXI. Background: Breakdown of Yugoslaviaa. Jozip Broz Tito: President of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 1943-1980i. Formed a strong communist state, tried to get into the Soviet sphere – Stalin got paranoid, kicks them out of the Soviet Unionii. 40 years of ethnic co-existenceiii. Tito died in 1980 – weren’t really any succession plans in place, no one knew what to dob. Slovenia and Croatia secede in 1991 (least violent secession)c. Bosnia and Herzegovina: multi-ethnic regions, pass referendum of independence in 1992, rejected by Serbs living in Bosniad. There were Serbs, Croats, Bosnians, etc. living in all the countries, made it confusing e. Serbia started to make nationalistic claims that their people outside of Serbia were being treated badly (Instrumentalist in some ways – these stories were pretty much made up), caused lots of xenophobiaXII. Background: Bosnian War a. Bosnian War lasts from 1992-1995, ending with NATO interventionb. The war characterized by:i. Ethnic cleansingii. Mass rapeiii. Genocideiv. Multi-directional violence (ie., not simply one group attempting to destroy another)c. Olympics in Sarajevod. Enemy shifted from the Serbs to each other –