ANTHRCUL 101 1st Edition Lecture 17Outline of Last LectureI. Agriculture and Inequality: Flannery and Marcus II. What Connects Agriculture and Inequality?III. Social Achievement and its MarginsIV. Generosity and AchievementOutline of Current Lecture I. Generosity and Achievement (ct’d)II. The Man Who Quit Money (Sundeen)III. Exchange as a Cultural SystemIV. Trobriand Islands and “Kinds” of Exchange CurrentLecture2/25: Anthropology and Exchange I. Generosity and Achievement (ct’d)a. Forms of War Reciprocityi. The “tee cycle” of the Enga1. Counterbalanced by the “one pig and only one pig” sensibilityii. Moka in the highlands of New Guinea1. Escalated by a “I’ll take your one pig and raise you two” sensibility2. The goal, to give a gift too big to be returnedb. Selfishness and Achievementi. What ties the New Guinea Examples together?1. Inequality and prestige translates into limited authoritya. There is a ceiling of political power that is set by persuasionII. The Man Who Quit Money (Sundeen)a. Life on the American Margins: Relentlessly Social?i. Key issue: The margins of what?1. Background and Overview2. Meanings of Property3. Exchange and social participationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. His philosophy is to freely give and freely receiveb. From Suelo’s Experience: “Our whole society is designed sothat you have to have money… it’s illegal to live outside of it”c. What is the threat to society? Why are we afraid to let people live without money?i. At one point Suelo’s companions on the salmon boat are angry that he doesn’t accept pay while they do – why?1. Seems devaluing to the people who do work for moneyb. Why does Suelo “quit money”?i. Not as a political statement really – political activism to him isn’t the pointii. Rejects charitable giving because it is a reflection of the money system – doesn’t mean he’s above accepting gifts 1. Accepts and gives gifts as long as there’s no expectation of returnc. Very difficult to simply opt out of the American exchange system i. We tend to use money as a measurement of success and achievementd. “Work is the tasks that give life meaning.” For him, money can’t be connected to that, only way to live a meaningful life is to work without expectation of rewarde. Resistance to getting credit for anything – criticized as being a free-loader but he actually does a great amount of work, not for money, just doesn’t take credit for itIII. Exchange as a Cultural Systema. What does it mean for exchange to be “cultural”?i. Learned (teach it to children)ii. Sharediii. Symbolic (money means a lot about identity)iv. Integrated (changes other aspects of culture if you don’t accept money)v. All-encompassing (doesn’t matter if you have a ridiculous amount of money or are living paycheck to paycheck, we all participate)vi. Dynamic, changing, contested (argued over, there is disagreement)b. Coexisting Forms of Exchangei. Market Exchange as a cultural form1. Buying and selling items with money2. Emphasis on the maximization of profit3. Value determined by supply and demandii. Cultures of Non MarketExchange1. Exchange as part of everyday lifea. Interactions that have nothing to do with money, but we have a tendency to bring things back to a market form 2. Non-market, complex, historical systems of exchangeIV. Trobriand Islands and “Kinds” of Exchange a. Buritila’ulo Exchange (Davis)i. Relatively new system ii. Features:1. Village rivalry2. Initial Insult3. Exchange as a form of political resolutioniii. When does the gift of “Good Measure” become an act of war?iv. Example: Village 1 and 2 – someone from 1 says someone from 2 isn’t good at gardening – this is very insulting. Chiefs meet to resolve dispute but instead get mad at each other and decide there will be war if something doesn’t happen. 2 takes a giant crate full of yams to 1 to prove that they are good gardeners. 1 eats the yams, give the crate back to 2 – could refill it but if you don’t have enough yams to fill it, it is humiliating. So 1 could give back more yams than they gave you, it would be the equivalent of an act of war. So best thing to do is give back the same amount and quality of yams to maintain peace, don’t use generosity as a weapon. v. Davis wants to argue that we need to see exchange systems on their own terms in order to understand the multiplicity of exchange systems that wehave in our society – we do have exchange that people don’t keep track of b. Kula Exchange: Politics, Power, and Exchange inthe Trobriand Islands (Malinowski)i. Form of exchange that connected aseries of islands together – connectspeople who don’t even speak the samelanguage – 1. Shell necklaces that goclockwise, Armshells are tradedcounterclockwisec. “A very simple affair” (Bronislaw Malinowski)i. Kula shells have a lot of value as exchange items, but they aren’t money d. Dynamics of Kula exchangei. All male exchange system, in a matrilineal society1. How could Kula provide an escape from one’s brother-in-laws?2. Kula provides security net outside of matrilineal systemii. The development of trade partners on the islands on either side of where you areiii. Complex classification of value1. History and stories are crucial to the systeme. Questions Raised by Kulai. How is Kula connected to a cash system?ii. How is Kula exchange different than a cash system?iii. What (many) things does Kula exchange do?iv. Does exchange always have to be immediately and obviously practical?v. What, ultimately, do exchange systems