ANTHRCUL 101 Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Characteristics of Language II. What do we do with words?III. American Tongues VideoIV. Linguistic AnthropologyV. Iliana Gershon: Breakup 2.0Outline of Current Lecture I. Archaeological and Biological Methodsa. Topics in Biological Anthropologyb. Biological Methodsc. Archaeological MethodsII. The Undocumented Migration Project Current LectureThe Archaeology of InequalityIII. Archaeological and Biological Methodsa. Topics in Biological Anthropologyi. Human and non-human primate biology and behaviorii. Human evolution (evolution of primate movement, adaptation to climate change, etc.)b. Biological Methodsi. Bone Biologyii. Osteologyiii. Paleopathologyiv. Anthropometryv. Taphonomy: Study of the processes that affect the remains of dead animalsvi. Molecular Anthropology/ Geneticsc. Archaeological Methodsi. Systematic Survey: Information on settlement patterns over a large area; regional informationii. Excavation: Recovering remains digging through layers of site depositsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. Rule of Superposition- In undisturbed sequence of strata, each successive layer above is younger than the one belowiv. Archaeological Dating Techniques1. Relative Dating: Provides time frame in relation to other strata or materials, not a date in numbersa. Stratigraphy is crucial here, the science of how earth sediments accumulate in layers2. Absolute Dating: Establishes a range of dates for fossilsa. Carbon-14 dating measures the proportion of 14C in organicmaterial. Used on organic material younger than 40,000 years oldb. K/A technique measures the proportion of 40K in inorganic substances older than 500,000 years ago… the older the specimen, the more reliable3. **Difference between relative and absolute datinga. Relative: gives the order of ages, not actual ages (this rock is older than this rock, rather than this rock is 4 billion years old)b. Absolute: gives a possible range of datesIV. The Undocumented Migration Project a. Archaeological study of border-crossing in Arizonab. Hard to talk to people or observe them as they cross, so had to find a different way to understand the culturei. Studied ephemera: material/artifacts that don’t in themselves have any value – essentially garbage 1. Ex: wrappers, receipts, water bottles, backpacks, etc. ii. Anthropological method: part ethnography, part archaeologyiii. Archaeology of the Contemporary: study of material remains that we arein the process of producing right now (often in the form of “garbology”)iv. How can you tell better, more complete stories that are absent from written
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