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U-M ANTHRCUL 101 - Cultural Significance of Primates
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ANTHRCUL 101 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. Why study primates?II. What is a primate?III. Where do primates live?IV. Who are the primates?V. How do they make a living?VI. How are primates similar to humans?VII. ReviewOutline of Current Lecture I. Evolutionary SimilaritiesII. Humans and ApesCurrent Lecture2/11: Cultural Significance of PrimatesAnnouncements: **First Writing Exercise: Experience 2 poles of an intro level class at once (Lecture: biological unity, writing: human capacity to create differences that become real in society)**Exam Results: posted MondayIII. Evolutionary Similaritiesa. Westerners have set up primates as a comparison tool to discuss what is nature vs. what is cultureb. Homologies: Traits inherited from a common ancestor (the basis for biological taxonomies) – sometimes similar traits are NOT homologies (like bird wings and bat wings)i. Example: Bird and Bat ForelimbsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.IV. Humans and Apesa. Similarities: learning, tool useb. Video: Monkey in the Mirrori. Newborn chimps very similar to human newborns1. Responds to adopted mother’s smile, bonds with mother, learn bywatching her, grasp with their fingers (sometimes toes), goes through motions of walking 2. At three months, little difference in their abilities 3. Not until it’s a year old that chimps fall behind in some ways ii. Why are we so alike? Homologies! c. Distinguishing factors: i. Sharing and cooperationii. Kinship and mating – form different kinds of relationships, usually deeper relationships d. Mirrors, Art and Languagei. Mirroring: questions of self-reflection and reflection on ideas of the world– tied to languageii. One of the key features of language is displacement1. Self-recognition: Humans can see ourselves, talk about ourselves – ability to see ourselves in a reflection, point away from ourselves(at the reflection) and saying “that’s me”2. Can other monkeys/animals do the same? a. Monkeys see another monkey - can’t recognize its own image b. At first chimps respond as if it is another chimp, but then realizes it is a reflection of their self (same process as a child – can’t recognize self until 2 years old)iii. Questions video raises: 1. Do primates who perform in the mirror test go on to do other things better?2. Is the mirror test similar to exposing a chimp to reflections (in a pool, etc.)?3. To what extent can you teach non-human primates language? – related to mirroring iv. RadioLab: Bonobo named Kanzi living at Georgia State University 1. Watched as scientists tried to teach his mother language when he was young – she couldn’t but he did2. Can’t produce the sounds of human speech, but can match symbols to words he hears and can also understand them in context (put soap on the basketball, pour Coke in the water)a. Removed second-order information to create a controlled experiment 3. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh (Woman who works with Kanzi): says that she feels like she is missing something that being with Bonobos fulfills 4. **Will be on the EXAM: One of the bizarre things that Kanzi performed here: pouring the Perrier in the jelly – picks up the jellybefore she says “jelly” – so has he really never heard the commands before? Can’t tell if the sound track on the video is justoff, because the speaker’s face is covered with a mask (to eliminate second order information) 5. Says Kanzi was eventually able to communicate with teachers – biologists don’t usually fully buy into the claim that he made actual speech noises (Bill Fields and Sue hear words when others only hear


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U-M ANTHRCUL 101 - Cultural Significance of Primates

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