SOA 223 1nd Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture 1. Exam 4Outline of Current Lecture 1. Stress2. CopingCurrent LectureStressStress: a reaction to a stimulus that disturbs our physical or mental equilibriumCauses of Stress: relationships, family, jobs, health, finances, world events. Money is top stressorBurnout reaction: Prolonged job stress can cause emotional exhaustion, cynicism*Everyone experiences stress*Women, minorities, unemployed, less educated all show more stressStress-and-Coping ProcessAppraisal: process by which people make judgments about the demands of potentially stressful events and their ability to meet those demandsCoping: Any effort to reduce stressPosttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Condition in which a person experiences enduring physical and physiological symptoms after an extremely stressful event- War- Natural disasters- Sexual assault- Death of loved one- Serious illnessThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow’s Study (1991)- studied trauma, measured stress before and after earthquake. *Key finding: more danger one endures, more stress undergo afterward Impact of Disasters and stress on healthIncreases in: calls to mental health crisis line, police reports of domestic violence, referrals to local alcohol clinicMeasuring StressSelf-report: survey, interview- individual respondsPhysiological measures: Measures stress hormones in hair or bloodMajor Life Events- changes in some aspect of person’s life can cause stress… Death, divorce, imprisonment, job loss, vacations, transferring schools/leaving home, graduating, new career, marriage, pregnancyCoping with Stress- Best way to reduce stress. Best ways: listening to music, exercising, reading, spending time with family- Problem-focusing coping: cognitive & behavioral effort to alter stressful situation- Emotion-focused coping: Cognitive & behavioral efforts to reduce distress produced by stressful situation- Proactive coping: Up-front efforts to ward off or modify the onset of a stressful event. Happens prior to stressful event taking place- Social support: helpful of coping resources provided by friends and other people- Religious connection: religion provided deep source of social and emotional support for many
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