DOC PREVIEW
ISU SOA 223 - Final Exam Study Guide
Type Study Guide
Pages 34

This preview shows page 1-2-16-17-18-33-34 out of 34 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 34 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

Stereotype threat is the fear that one will be reduced to a stereotype in the eyes of othersHow can stereotype threat hamper academic achievement?The reactions to the threat can directly interfere with performanceThe threat can cause individuals to dismiss the domain as no longer relevant to their self-esteem and identityStudy:1st condition- no gender different on testTest scores were no different, both did well2nd condition- said that men were betterMen did better in this situationStigmatizationBeing persistently stereotyped, perceived as deviant, and devalued in society because of membership in a particular social group or because of a particular characteristicAnyone can be a target of stigmatization but some individuals are major and relentless targets of these negative stereotypes and prejudice which can result in feeling devalued by society3 Types:Tribal- devalued by race, ethnicity, or religionAbominations of the BodyBlemishes of characterStigmas can be visible or concealableWhat is a collective?An assembly of people engaging in a common activity but having little direct interaction with each otherNot a real groupPresence of an Audience: Does it improve or impair performance?When you are engaging in individual efforts but along with others or in presence of others, social facilitation occursSocial facilitation enhances easy tasksTriplett’s data on cyclists and experiments with children winding up fishing line on a reelZajonc’s study with cockroachesSocial facilitation inhibits difficult tasksBetter alone than with other peopleZajonc’s study of cockroaches- part iiStudy of pool players in a college student unionZajonc’s solution- look in the book for chartAlternative Explanations for Social FacilitationThe Evaluation-Apprehension ExplanationArgues that arousal is only created when others are evaluatingThe Distraction-Conflict ExplanationArgues that others, as well as nonsocial stimuli, are distracting, which causes arousalDo better on the test if things were distractingSocial LoafingWhen you are with others but merge into the group, you should become more relaxedAs a result, you will not be as productive, particularly on simple tasksEvidence for Social LoafingRingelmann’s study of men pulling on a ropeLatane’s study of 6 shouting blindfolded studentsExplanation’s for Social LoafingRelaxation- no arousal that provides energyDiffusion of responsibilityFactors associated with the decreased likelihood of social loafingBeing femaleBeing from a collectivistic cultureThe outcome is personally importantBelief that one’s contribution mattersThe group is small and cohesiveUnifying facilitation and LoafingYou need to know two things to predict whether the presence of others will help or hinder your performanceWill your individual efforts be evaluated?Is the task simple or complex?Deindividuation and Loss of Individual IdentityBeing in a crowd (collective, nonsocial group) can also cause deindividuation which is the loosening of normal constraints on behavior, leading to an increase in impulsive and deviant actsDoing something more impulsive/deviant in the darkPossible Explanations’ of DeindividuationAccountability cues- feeling less accountable for one’s actionsAttentional cues- diminished self-awareness (and thus less attention on internal standards)Conformity to group norms specific to the situation (social identity increases, which in some cases could increase conformity)Social Identity Model of DeindividuationDeindividuation effects can sometimes lead people to act better, if there is a shift to social identity and the group norm advocates a positive behaviorDefinitions of GroupCollection of two or more people who interact with each other and are interdependent, in the sense that their needs and goals cause them to rely on each otherWhy do people join groups?An innate need, arising from evolutionary pressures to increase survival and reproductionAccomplish things they cannot accomplish aloneTo acquire the social status and identity and self-esteemTo acquire important information to reduce ambiguity about the social worldSOA 223 1nd EditionFinal Exam Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 24Exam 1 Lecture 1 (08/18/2014)Social psychology: Attempts to understand/explain how thoughts, feelings, behaviors of individuals are influence by actual, imagined, or implied presences of others (Allport)- Scientific method- includes systematic observation, description & measurement-Hallmark of social psychology is the experimental study- Social context- Central phenomenon of social psychology. Social psychologists study how peopleare influenced by situations & how they influence each otherLab Studies-- To illustrate social context- (Walton & Cohen) Students told it’s typical to have social stress during freshman year. Control group of white students not told. Black students had significant effect on GPA in later years, but not white kids- To illustrate power of social situation- RA’s @ Stanford chose group of students that are cooperative and group of competitive. Game names: Wall Street game/Community Game. More went for Wall Street game.- To illustrate social situation & influence- “good Samaritan study” (Darley & Batson) Social Psychology differs from common sense- “absence makes the heart grow fonder” vs “out of sight, out of mind”- Unlike common sense, social psychology uses scientific method.- Social psychology reveals answers that depend on different factors (in research)- Social psychology is related, but different from personality psychology, cognitive psychology, clinical psychology & sociology.Lecture 2 (08/20/2014)Birth & Infancy of Soc Psy: 1880’s-1920’s- 1st social psychology experiment- 1st textbooks1. Triplett 1887- Social facilitation: Men bike faster when in competition.2. Ringelmann 1880s- Published 1913. Social loafing: People perform worse on simple tasks with others than when aloneTextbooks1. Social Psychology- William McDougall 19082. Edward Ross 19083. Floyd Allport 19241930’s-1950’s- Adolf HitlerGreatest influence on social psychology- Social psychologists fled from Europe to US- Society for psychological study of social issues in 1936 (Gordon Allport)Kurt Lewin- Founder of modern social psychology- Came from Germany- Research/theoretical contributions1.) Field theory- B=f(P,E). Behavior is a function of person & environment. Interaction 1st perspective2.) Applications of soc psy- “no research w/o action, no action w/o


View Full Document
Download Final Exam Study Guide
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Final Exam Study Guide and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Final Exam Study Guide 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?