BSC 160 1st Edition Exam 3 Study Guide Lectures 24 34 Lecture 24 Chapter 15 Introduction and Innate Immunity The immune system basics Self vs Non self Innate has to still identify itself Recognize only prokaryotic features o Receptors different things presented on pathogen that allow immunity to recognize as non self Adaptive Antibodies use antigen recognition sites TLR Toll like receptors recognize bonding agent on pathogen family of receptor proteins 2 parts o Activation intracellular domain brings change in macrophage o Once activated doesn t stay inside cell gets released Macrophages get activated release things also plays role in turning on adaptive immunity Antigen any type of molecule that causes immune response in a host by interacting with antigen specific receptors on the membrane of host lymphocytes o Proteins are strongest antigens o Polysaccharide sugars good o Lipids DNA not good B cells T cells o Antibodies proteins o B cells secrete antibodies o Each replicated has a mutation o Every variable region recognizes 1 antigen ONLY Lecture 25 Microbes o Have restriction enzymes Innate Immunity o Not specific Adapt Immunity o Has a specific target or pathogen The Immune System Basics o Self versus non self DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO Innate Recognize only prokaryotic features o o o o LPS Gram Receptors o Different things presented on that pathogen being able to recognize them as non self Adaptive Use antibiotics ab and antigen receptors as their primary mode Autoimmune lack of ability to differentiate between self and non self AIDS Chrones etc TLR Toll like receptors A receptor on the macrophage that recognizes a specific binding agent on a pathogen They are a family of receptor proteins 2 parts each part we call a domain o Extracelluar Part that sticks out Recognizes appropriate ligand interacts with a foreign things o Interacellular cytoplasmic domain Part that brings about change activation activation leads to secretion of something Stuff does not stay in cell has to be released into the environment Sound the alarm Table 15 1 recognize some examples and why they go together Macrophages become activated release and inactive innate immune responses and plays a role in turning on adaptive immunity Activation both innate and adaptive Self versus non self Most ligands are proteins Antigen Definition Any type of molecule that causes an immune response in a host by interacting with antigen specific receptors on the membrane of host lymphocytes Proteins strongest antigens Polysaccharide sugars are good too Lipids DNA by themselves are not particularly good sites o Combining them can make good sites B Cells and T Cells B cells Attack invaders outside the cells T Cells Attack invaders inside the cells Antibodies Class of proteins All share similar structure Secreted by B cells All have 2 heavy chains 2 light chains variable regions and constant regions o o o Variable region is mutated and different in each Every variable regions only recognizes one antigen we have million different antibodies because of the variable regions o Ex LPS T Cells have antigen receptors on them Binding triggers response Species Susceptibility Differences between Missing receptors genetic Temp o Ex TB o Ex Difference b w use and frogs cold blooded Missing nutrients Differences within Age Environmental factors o Internal Stress shock weakness muscle fatigue o External Climate change Inflamatory Response Cancer AIDS secondary infection Gender o Ex UTI Ethnicity o Ex Sickle Cell Anemia Nutrition 15 3 Look at learning objectives Key takeaways Immune System The immune system is a complex network of organs and tissues Connected by blood and lymph fluid o Circulatory system lymphatic system spleen thymus MALT 2 groups of tissues Primary o Creating educating immune cells are being differentiated within the system We re looking at bone marrow thymus Secondary o Peripheral o Looks after mature cells o Responsible for our active immunity Spleen MALT Lecture 26 Immune System Basics Immune Cells Oxygen carrying Can create up to 8 cells Mejakaryocyte Role in innate system Platelets clot formation NLMEB Nutrifills fagositic Lucacytes B T Cells B Cells Memory cells previous exposure T Cells Regulation of immune response Monocytes Emonofils Basafills Related to Mast Cells Related to unallergic responses Lymphatic System Separate vascular system Not part of circulatory system Starts in dead end capillaries Areas that are first place to find invading pathogens Functions Role in returning excess fluid back into cardiovascular circulation Absorbing fat Lactilles Moves immune cells throughout body Lymph Fluid Pushed out at arterial end at capillary system and not absorbed Mostly Plasma white blood cells MALT Moist epithelial tissue White pulp Lymphocytes monitoring liquids in our body People without spleen more susceptible to infection over lifetime Adaptive Antibodies cell mediated Innate Nonspecific Immunity Provides general reactions to potential in pathogenic invasion Nothing specific in response Preventing colonization Body fluids have chemical barriers to protect from pathogens Complement System 3 pathways know big picture 1 Classic pathway2 Lectin pathway3 Alternative pathwayNK Cells Natural killer cells perfornis Poke hole in pathogen Protect against viruses cancer Apoptosis Inflammation Response to anything disrupting immune system Heat Redness swelling pain Loss of function possible Lecture 28 Ch 16 Adaptive Immunity and Errors of the Immune System Monocytes macrophages stimulated to become this Dendritic cells are a derivative of monocytes Adaptive Immunity o Recognizes what s being present and then educates itself o 2 types Make antibodies humorial Those that kill the pathogen cell mediated o Antigen Presenting Cells Macrophages B lymphocytes dendritic cells most important Dendrite have fingers looking They fall under 4 categories based upon where you find them o o o o Antigen presenting Activation of adaptive immune system Help rid of T cells that are self reactive They keep the B cells that produce antibodies stimulated Dendrites ONLY cells that can active a neive T cell o Lymphocytes Specificity React with one specific antigen that can activate them even though we have a population of millions of these VERY SPECIFIC Memory Have ability to respond to same antigen if it is exposed again Tolerance we don t react to our own antigens we don t react to self o Cytokines and Chemokines Table 16 1 Cytokine Small