Lecture 33Outline of Last Lecture 1. Infections2. Invasions3. Diseases to knowOutline of Current Lecture 1. Streptococcal Disease2. Tuberculosis3. Influenza VirusesCurrent LectureStreptococcal DiseasesMethod of pathogenesis- Fimbrae- Exoenzyme- for invasion, movement beyond attachment- Capsules- similar to host’s own components, hides bacteria. o Complement system is about antibody binding, bringing about changes Causing hole. Antibodies don’t recognize capsules. Complement system not as effective- Creation of super antigen: toxin able to bind to regions other than antigenic site and still stimulate T cells. Controlled response to specific antigen. o *1/5 T cells activated by these antigensTreatment: Penicillin, vaccineStaphylococcus aureus- Microbe. Gram+/-, disease, method of pathogenesis, treatmentMycobacterium- Tuberculosis. - 1900’s major cause of death in humans- 100% of population infected, 25% dying- Large rod, motile, hydrophobic- Obligate anaerobe, has to have air BSC 160 1nd Edition- Slow growth, generation time is 15-20 hours - Grows/reproduces in extracellular fluid (macrophages) Difficult to detect and treat Method of Pathogenesis- Does NOT have classic virulence factors- Enters phagocytes: Lets it get eaten, doesn’t go away- Synthesizing highly negative recharged sugar coat, prevents fusion of phagosome and lysosome - Antibiotics are repelled bc so hydrophobic, antibodies repelled- Capable of killing macrophage it is inTreatment- No single treatment, 6-9 month treatment, 95% cure rate- 4 drugs, drug synergy- Vaccine, injection, prevents from getting disease but not infection- If been vaccinated, positive reading on TB test- 60-80% effectiveClostridium sp./ Corynebacterium diptheriaeMicrobe, disease, pathogenesis, treatmentFungal InfectionsCold and Flu Viruses- Infection: Nose- Common Cold- most common viral infection- Colds per year= 1 Billion- 2-3 days after infection, runny nose, headache. Go away after about 9 days- Protein capsid, +SSRNA- Small, simpleTreatment- Let cold run its course, over the counter meds to feel better- No vaccine- Vitamin C doesn’t make a differenceRepiratory Tract- mucosa Influenza Viruses1. Type A- Organized into diff types, based on what HA it has- And what NA it has- H1N1- Mostly respiratory disease. Fall & Winter - 42 hour incubation period- If completely unprotected, not common cold- Pig fever, chills, muscle aches, can become lower respiratory2. Type B3. Type CTreatment- Supportive care- Antiviral drugs, depends on when exposed & when you have access to
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