BSC 160 1nd Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture 1. Prokaryotes2. Specific Names3. Types of molecular bondsOutline of Current Lecture 1. Hydrogen Bonds2. Oxidation/Reduction3. Organic Compounds4. MacromoleculesCurrent Lecture*Water is a universal solvent*- Solution=Solvent + solute- Hydrogen bonds are weak, but in numbers are very strongBecause of Hydrogen bonds…- Cohesion- Stickers together (water)- Hydrogen bonds makes water have a high specific heat- High heat of vaporizationbc it takes so much energy to heat, steam cools down waterChemical reactions- Occur when chemical bonds form or break among atoms, ions, or molecules. ReactantsProducts When enzymes are involved: CO2+H2O (enzyme) H2CO3SubstrateProductOxidation/Reduction reactions: LEO GER. Losing elections oxidation, Gaining electons redoxPHThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Higher than 7- basic, less protons- Lower than 7- acidic, more protonsOrganic chemicals- Compound containing Hydrogen +Carbon handed togetherEx.) CO2, C6H12O6 Having C H O N P S defines that it is organic- Tetravalent- Carbon can share 4 electronsFunctional Groups of organic compounds- Accessory molecules that bind to organic compounds- Confer unique reactive properties on whole molecule bc it changes shape!*Shape is everything in the biological world*Macromolecules- sugars, carbs, proteins & lipids, nucleic acid- Monomer- Amino acids, Building block- Polymer- Building- Monosaccharides put together are (2)di-, (3)tri-, (4+)poly + saccharideCarbs Energy Nucleic Acid- Nucleotides=Information, DNAProteins- Busiest macroAcids/Bases- Charge around 7. Charger only react w/ ChargedDNARNAProteinLipids- Made up of glycerol backbone, fatty acid tail and head group- Fatty acidsnonpolar- Fat molecules w/ water are not- Head group + Glycerol are polar, only shape that there are 2 polar with nonpolar- Ampipathic- Portion will interact w/ water & part
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