Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture 1. Endospores2. Flagella3. Motility4. Pili & Fimbriae5. GlycocalyxOutline of Current Lecture 1. Eukaryote Cells2. Membrane Organelles3. CytoskeletonCurrent LectureEukaryotes: Membrane bound Organelles within and roles…1. True nucleusLargest of organelles. 2 membranesNucleolus: Ribosomes synthesizedNuclear pores: Controls anything in or out goes thru theseTranscription happens here. DNARNA2. Chromosomes are linear, multipleAssociated w/ Histone proteins: allow long pieces of DNA to wrap up into small packages3. Golgi apparatus: Movement, processing of proteins for export. Add sugar to proteinsProtease digests proteins4. Lysosomes: Inside cell, bag of proteins (& enzymes) Digestion of proteins!5. Vesicles: Movement of proteins6. Endoplasmic reticulum: Rough & smooth. Interconnected flattened set of tubes. Not separate.Outer nucleus membrane is connected to rough ER.o Rough: Synthesis of membrane proteins and Protein secretion. Ribosomes docked to thiso Smooth: Detoxification! Responsible for modifications of toxins brought into cellSterols only synthesized here7. Mitochondria: ATP made.8. PlastidsChloroplasts: For photosynthetic organisms. SugarwaterMulticellular: Eukaryotes only have enough space to do this. Requires cells to communicate- Unique in domains.- Need more genes for coordination & signaling BSC 160 1nd Edition- Eukaryotes have large gene set and can handle itCytoskeleton- Eukaryotes have microfilament and microtubules (made of actin and tubulin)o Cell Shapeo Motility in protozoaFlagellum one exampleo Cell divisionChromosome separation and divide cellso Move organellesBacterial Cytoskeleton- FtsZ- Found in division plane, forms contractile ring- MreB- actin superfamily, found encircling cell, cell shape, cell division, both proteins essentialRNA Polymerase Chart in notes.Ribosome Chart in notes.Cell walls in
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