BSC 160 1nd Edition Lecture 25Outline of Last Lecture 1. ImmunityOutline of Current Lecture 1. Immunity Continued…2. Self vs. NonSelfCurrent LectureMicrobeso Have restriction enzymes- Innate Immunityo Not specific- Adapt Immunityo Has a specific target or pathogen- The Immune System Basicso Self versus non-self (DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO) Innate- Recognize only prokaryotic features- LPS (Gram -)- Receptorso Different things presented on that pathogen, being able to recognize them as non self Adaptive- Use antibiotics (ab) and antigen receptors as their primary mode Autoimmune: lack of ability to differentiate between self and non-self - AIDS, Chrones, etc.o TLR (Toll-like receptors) A receptor on the macrophage that recognizes a specific binding agent ona pathogen They are a family of receptor proteins- 2 parts (each part we call a domain)o Extracelluar (Part that sticks out) Recognizes appropriate ligand; interacts with a foreign thingso Interacellular (cytoplasmic domain)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Part that brings about change/activation (activation leads to secretion of something) Stuff does not stay in cell has to be released into the environment- ‘Sound the alarm’ Table 15.1- recognize some examples and why they go together Macrophages become activated, release, and inactive innate immune responses and plays a role in turning on adaptive immunity Activation: both innate and adaptiveo Self versus non-self Most ligands are proteinso Antigen Definition: Any type of molecule that causes an immune response in a host by interacting with antigen-specific receptors on the membrane of host lymphocytes Proteins- strongest antigens- Polysaccharide sugars are good too??- Lipids/DNA (by themselves) are not particularly good siteso Combining them can make good siteso B Cells and T Cells B cells- Attack invaders outside the cells T Cells- Attack invaders inside the cells Antibodies- Class of proteins- All share similar structure- Secreted by B cells- All have 2 heavy chains, 2 light chains, variable regions, and constant regions- Variable region is mutated and different in each- Every variable regions only recognizes one antigen (we have million different antibodies because of the variable regions)o Ex: LPS- T-Cells have antigen receptors on them- Binding triggers response o Species Susceptibility Differences between - Missing receptors- genetic- Tempo Ex: TBo Ex: Difference b/w use and frogs- cold blooded- Missing nutrients Differences within- Age- Environmental factorso Internal Stress, shock, weakness, muscle fatigueo External Climate change- Inflamatory Response- Cancer/AIDS- secondary infection- Gendero Ex: UTI- Ethnicityo Ex: Sickle Cell Anemia- Nutritiono 15-3 Look at learning objectives & Key takeawayso Immune System The immune system is a complex network of organs and tissues- Connected by blood and lymph fluido Circulatory system, lymphatic system, spleen, thymus, MALT 2 groups of tissues- Primaryo Creating & educating; immune cells are being differentiated within the system We’re looking at bone marrow, thymus,- Secondaryo Peripheral o Looks after mature cellso Responsible for our active immunity Spleen,
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