SOCI 1010 1st EditionExam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 16 - 25Lecture 16 (October 15)Introduction to HealthVideo: Unnatural Causes: In Sickness & In Wealth. It can be directly streamed through the Joyner library catalog.)Overall, the U.S. residents are less healthy than residents in other industrialized nationsLecture 17 (October 17) Health continued….What role does social class play in health, according to the film Unnatural Causes? - According to the film, the higher the social class, the better the health and vise versa.What causes this relationship between social class and health, according to the film?- The film measured a few things, including: health (life expectancy and excess death rates) and social class (looking at education and income) - Individuals of a lower social class typically have less control over life events (work, home,neighborhood, etc) this lack of control effects stress, which cases physical changes. The stress they experience is chronic, not episodic, which in turn effects their overall health.How does social class compare to other explanations (like genetics, risky behaviors, and access to health care) for health, according to this film? - Access to health care helps address an issue and treat it, but the health issue comes from this set of stresses & responses. Lack of access to health care does not cause the health problems, it just make its more difficult to address and treat. How are “social class” and “health” defined/measured in the film? - Social Class – social class is measured by two things, education and income - Health – health is measured finding the average life expectancy as well as look at excess death rates. Excess death rates are measured by predicting how many deaths are expected, and any more than that number is considered excess.How does life expectancy and health care spending in the United States compare to other similar countries? - The U.S. has one of the lowest life expectancies when compared with other industrialized countries. Ironically, the U.S. spends more money on health care and most of those countries. Why is this? The level of inequality is higher in the U.S. than most other industrialized countries. What is the link between poverty & education according to the article Stressing Out the Poor?- Children growing up in poverty are more susceptible to physical responses triggered by chronic stress which create cognitive differences and effect academic achievementWhat are the two alternative explanations for this connection, according to the article? 1. Higher income families have more nurturing and supportive relationships than poor people (nurturing v. authoritarian)2. Cognitive development has to do with exposure to books, language, spoken words, how much children are read to, etc. Why did we read this article in the section on health when it appears to be focused on education? - It is SOCIAL STRESS that’s causes the cognitive differences in educational attainment. It is a health issue (chronic stress) that effects education.Lecture 18 (October 20)Becoming American (In-class video)You need to be familiar with the clip “Becoming American” from Unnatural Causes. How do they explain the relative better health of Latino immigrants?- Latino immigrants when they first come to America are very positive and hopeful. They have very strong family ties that hold them together. Family helps ease stress or protect from certain stressors, their have a strong sense of community.Why does this advantage decline in the next generation? When does the decline begin?- As one becomes “more American,” the gap becomes tighter and tighter between wealthand health. After being in the U.S. for 5 years, one is much more likely to have high blood pressure and are more likely to be obese. Children have less access to parents, as they have to start working longer hours. Social and family ties become weaker. They face more isolated time, which raises stress levels.Based on the films and readings on health, what interventions or programs would be the most effective in improving overall health in the United States?- Could help create or facilitate community connections (decreased isolation, increased connection)- Finding ways to reduce stressors or increase people’s sense of control (allowing sick days, work place policies, etc.) - Reducing experiences of inequalityo Good public educationo Quality of housingLecture 19 (October 22)How has women’s involvement in the economy changed (3 ways)? 1. more women working2. more women working full time3. more mothers working (children under school age)Families on the Fault Line argues that changes in the economy have affected family relationships within the working class, particularly the relationships between wives and husbands. How are the relationships between men and women different now? Think about housework, child care, and their sex lives. How might middle class couples’ experiences differ?- Women would rather not have sex if there isn’t a meaningful connection and men wouldrather have quick sex than no sex. Sex feels more like a chore or something else to get done, it feels more like a chore which creates conflict/stress-Housework: now that men and women both work full time, it is more expected for couples to split housework chores equally. Women feel that males are participating but are still in control of things, it is also effected by the degree to which men and women are working second shirt (unpaid work after work)-Middle class couples’ have more time, money and resources and may not be affected quiet as severely.How does men’s participation in housework vary by age and race?Age – younger men fell like they are doing housework, but feel guilty that wives don’t think they’re doing enough. Older men don’t do half and don’t feel the need to or feel guilty about itRace – black men are most likely to participate in splitting housework equally. ¾% of black men are doing almost half. This is due to past racial inequality. White men are less likely to participate. Latino/Asian men think more of their culture and do not feel as pressured, especially if they are still integrated in neighborhoods of immigrantsWhat type of leave is eligible under the Family & Medical Leave Act (FMLA)? - Family and medical leave act. The U.S. requires that women & men get 12 weeks “leave”for the birth of a child or for medical leave (care for a family member/child)