1www.asu.edu/asu101The State of the WorldSustainability, Part 3Presenter Name, Ph.D.Presenter TitleArizona State University© 2007 Arizona State UniversityBy the end of class today, you will be able to• List the major challenges to a sustainable world• Explain the significance of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment© 2007 Arizona State UniversityReview of Sustainability Challenges© 2007 Arizona State UniversityDegradation of Habitat andLoss of Biodiversity© 2007 Arizona State UniversityExhaustion of Natural ResourcesArizona Falls Hydroelectric Plant© 2007 Arizona State UniversitySustainable Supplies of Food and Water2© 2007 Arizona State UniversityInequality in Wealth and Power© 2007 Arizona State UniversityPopulationWorld Population by Year 2300 Visualized by Countryhttp://www.neatorama.com/2006/03/28/world-population-by-year-2300-visualized-by-country/© 2007 Arizona State UniversityGlobalization & International Development© 2007 Arizona State UniversityUrbanization© 2007 Arizona State UniversityClimate Change© 2007 Arizona State UniversitySustainability Quiz• Work with a partner to predict the answer to the questions on your handout. – Don’t spend a lot of time on any one question - just go with your best guess.• We will review and discuss the answers as a group when you are finished.3© 2007 Arizona State UniversitySource: Environmental Protection Agencyhttp://www.epa.gov/Education/pdf/18EnvrntQuiz.pdfWhat is the most common reason that plant and animal species become extinct?a. water pollutionb. loss of habitatc. huntingd. ozone depletion© 2007 Arizona State University• Answer: Loss of Habitat• Some 12% of birds, 25% of mammals, and at least 32% of amphibians are threatened with extinction over the next century. • People may haveincreased the rate of global extinctions by as much as 1,000 times the average rate typical of Earth’s long-term history.Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessmenthttp://ma.caudillweb.com/en/Products.BoardStatement.aspxMount Graham Red Squirrel© 2007 Arizona State UniversitySource: Bill Moyer Earth on Edgehttp://www.pbs.org/earthonedge/quiz/index.htmlHow much of the world's wetlands have been lost in the 20th century? a. 10%b. 20%c. 40%d. 50%© 2007 Arizona State UniversityAnswer: 50%Half of the world's wetlands -a key component of freshwater ecosystems that provide flood control, carbon storage, water purification, and goods such as fish, shellfish, timber, and fiber -have been lost by draining, filling, and conversion to agriculture and urban areas.Yuma West Wetlands© 2007 Arizona State UniversitySources: Environmental Studies Associationhttp://www.epa.gov/owow/watershed/wacademy/acad2000/pdf/issue3.pdfGreenstreet Properties Developmenthttp://glenwoodpark.com/net/content/go.aspx?p=20&eventid=49300&c=31125&p=20&s=43616.0.78.6078What is the most common cause of pollution of streams, rivers and oceans? a. Leaching of landfillsb. Surface water running off yards, city streets, paved lots and farm fieldsc. Trash washed into the ocean from beachesd. Waste dumped by factories© 2007 Arizona State University– dirt and dust– rubber and metal deposits from tire wear– antifreeze and engine oil– pesticides and fertilizers– litter like discarded cups, plastic bags, cigarette butts– pet wasteThese contaminants are carried into our lakes, rivers, streams, and oceans.Source: http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/NPS/roads.htmlAnswer: RunoffRainwater or melting snow wash off agricultural fields, as well as roads, bridges, parking lots, rooftops, and other surfaces in the city. The water picks up:4© 2007 Arizona State UniversityWhat percent of the world's food crops would not exist without pollinators like bees, bats, and wasps? a. 20%b. 50%c. 75%d. 90%Source: Bill Moyers, Earth on Edgehttp://www.pbs.org/earthonedge/quiz/index.html© 2007 Arizona State UniversityAnswer: 90%“The vast majority of our food crops - 90% - depend on animals and insects to transport pollen from one plant to another. In the US, the value of pollination is estimated at $20-$40 billion a year.” (Bill Moyers, Earth on Edge)Western Honeybees are threatened by Colony Collapse Disorder. From November 2006-April 2007, “more than 35 percent of the U.S. population of the Western honey bee, required for food crop pollination across the country, have disappeared, leaving their hives to die and crops to fail.”Source: http://www.fergusfallsjournal.com/news/2007/apr/19/crop-pollination-threatened-some-areas-which-could/© 2007 Arizona State UniversityHow much trash does the average person throw out annually? a. 250 poundsb. 500 poundsc. 1000 poundsd. 1500 poundsSource: Tennessee Valley Authorityhttp://www.tva.gov/greenpowerswitch/newsletter/vol6_2/quiz.htm.0.78.6078© 2007 Arizona State UniversityAnswer: 1,000 pounds• Each American individual uses up 20 tons of basic raw materials and throws away 1,000 pounds of trash annually.• Americans' total yearly waste would fill a convoy of garbage trucks long enough to wrap around the Earth six times.• We throw away:– 7 million cars a year– 2 million plastic bottles an hour – Enough aluminum cans annually to make six thousand DC-10 airplanes© 2007 Arizona State UniversitySources: Climatic Change Journalhttp://globalecology.stanford.edu/DGE/Dukes/Dukes_ClimChange1.pdfEnvironmental News Servicehttp://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/oct2003/2003-10-27-09.asp#anchor6How many pounds of prehistoric, buried plant material does it take to make a gallon of gasoline? a. 78b. 627c. 196,000d. 1,314,000© 2007 Arizona State UniversityAnswer: 196,000 pounds• Jeff Dukes, an ecologist at the University of Massachusetts, Boston, calculates that it takes 98 tons, or 196,000 pounds of plant material to make 1 gallon of gas.– That’s the equivalent of 40 acres of wheat (including the roots!).• “Every day, people are using the fossil fuel equivalent of all the plant matter that grows on land and in the oceans over the course of a whole year.”5© 2007 Arizona State UniversityA typical light bulb wastes what percent of electricity? a. 5%b. 30%c. 65%d. 90%© 2007 Arizona State UniversityAnswer: 90%• The typical incandescent light bulb turns only about 10 percent of its electricity into light. • A typical light bulb, when on, is hot. That's because 90 percent of the energy is wasted as heat, which means it isn't very energy-efficient.• ENERGY STAR lighting, such as a compact fluorescent bulb, uses 2/3 less energy and generates
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