Major Characteristics of Modern Physical Anthropology 1 6 Major Periods in the History of Physical Anthropology Pre Scientific Period to 1859 Period of Evolutionism and Concern over Races 1860 ca 1940 The Period Since WW II http www d umn edu cla faculty troufs anth1602 pchistory html Modern Physical Anthropology 1 Increased interest in the behavior of apes and monkeys particularly field studies difficult terms Glossary ethology scientific study of the social behavior of animals especially in their natural environments Glossary ethnology comparative study of cultures Glossary primatology scientific study of the social behavior of primates especially apes and monkeys Glossary primatologist one who studies the behavior and social lives of chimpanzees gorillas monkeys etc e g Jane Goodall Diane Fossy Birute Galdikas Brindamour Glossary primatologist e g Jane Goodall Jane Goodall Jane Goodall Jane Goodall Glossary primatologist e g Diane Fossy Dian Fossy Dian Fossy Dian Fossy Glossary primatologist e g Birute Galdikas Brindamour Modern Physical Anthropology 2 Shift of Emphasis from measurement and classification toward a concern with the influence of genetics on stability and variation in human populations Brace The Stages of Human Evolution 3rd Ed Prentice Hall 1988 p 25 Hrdli ka Ale Anthropology of the Chippewa 1916 In Holmes Anniversary Volume F W Hodge ed Washington G W Bryan pp 198 227 Modern Physical Anthropology 2 Shift of Emphasis from measurement and classification toward a concern with the influence of genetics on stability and variation in human populations Glossary particulate inheritance things are inherited as particles chromosomes DNA A model of a human chromosome Understanding Humans 10th ed p 76 Basic Concepts genotype phenotype gametes are reproductive cells eggs and sperm in animals developed from precursor cells in ovaries and testes Punnett square representing possible genotypes and phenotypes Understanding Humans 10th ed p 53 Punnett square representing possible genotypes and phenotypes Understanding Humans 10th ed p 53 Punnett square representing possible genotypes and phenotypes Understanding Humans 10th ed p 53 Punnett square representing possible genotypes and phenotypes Understanding Humans 10th ed p 53 Understanding Humans 10th ed p 52 Basic Concepts genotype phenotype Basic Concepts genotype phenotype Some examples of phenotypic variation among Africans San South African Understanding Humans 10th ed p 76 Some examples of phenotypic variation among Africans San South African Understanding Humans 10th ed p 76 Basic Concepts genotype phenotype Understanding Humans 10th ed p 45 Modern Physical Anthropology 3 Work on blood studies blood typing www d umn edu cla faculty troufs anth1602 video Yanomamo html a Shows the discontinuous Distribution of a Mendelian trait ABO blood type in a theoretical population Understanding Humans 10th ed p 57 ABO blood group system Distribution of the B allele in the indigenous populations of the world After Mourant et al 1976 Understanding Humans 10th ed p 57 sickle cell anemia frequencies www blackwellpublishing com ridley tutorials The theory of natural selection part 2 8 asp Distribution of the sickle cell allele in the Old World Understanding Humans 10th ed p 68 Modern Physical Anthropology 4 Work on dietary influences on body composition nutrition and health Kathleen Galvin measures upper arm circumference of a young Maasai boy in Tanania Understanding Humans 10th ed p 8 Modern Physical Anthropology 5 Work on the effects of things like differing muscle stress on body shape human morphology http www msnbc msn com id 11346164 Modern Physical Anthropology Why do children adopted at a very young age often end up looking like their adoptive parent s news bbc co uk 2 hi health 6055430 stm www smh com au news national the costello smirk through the ages 2006 07 15 1152637916308 html Casey and Penny Roufs 27 September 2007 Casey and Tim Roufs 27 Campbell Humankind Emerging 8th ed p 369 Modern Physical Anthropology This process is unintentional and occurs by imitation But in other situations body modification is intentional Koskimo Kwakiutl woman Mayan head deformation halfmoon org Nurture or Nature Modern Physical Anthropology 6 Work on genetic processes as they determine morphology and other things Modern Physical Anthropology NEXT 7 Work on effects of culture as it influences human breeding patterns