Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I Social Groups II Size of Social Groups III Relationships in Groups IV Types of Groups V Influence of Social Groups VI Influential Groups VII Groups to Networks VIII Facebook and Sense of Self IX Strength of Weak Ties X Social Capital Outline of Current Lecture XI Social Cohesion XII Social Control XIII Deviance XIV Deviance and Social Control XV What Strain Theory Looks Like XVI Standford Prison Experiment SOC 100 1st Edition XVII XVIII XIX Symbolic Interactionist Crime Types of Crime Current Lecture XX Social Cohesion a idea of howe we all live together b the way people form social bonds relate to each other and get along on a day to day basis i Dircon says there are two types 1 Mechanical Solidarity a based on sameness of society s parts or members b Example Amish community because evryone is extremely similar 2 Organic Solidarity a based on people being different but interdependent to achieve goals ii Collective Conscience 2 common assumptions about how the world works 3 sets standards of behavior iii Anomie These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best 2 sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be predictable 3 opposite of sense of social cohesion XXI Social Control b set of mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals i normative complaince means obeying the rules ii making sure we fall in the line XXII Deviance b any transgression of socially established norms c Types i Informal Deviance 2 minor transgressions of these norms 3 Example picking your nose or dancing in class ii Formal Deviance 2 otherwise known as crime 3 involves violation of laws d when sociologists talk about deviance it means we are violating social norms i this could be a good thing e social judgement not a moral judgement f Informal Social Sanctions i unspoken rules and expectations about people s behavior ii maintain a base level of order and cohesion in society and form a foundation for formal social control g Formal Social Sanction i criminal laws and punishments 2 fines prison death penalty XXIII Deviance and Social Control b Why do people commit deviant acts i Theories 2 Robert Merton s Strain Theory a Structual theory i society has socially accepted goals 1 Example American Dream ii society sets methods for achieving those goals 1 Example college and a job iii deviance occurs when these two things don t happen 2 Symbolic Interactionist Theory a Labeling Theory i people notice how others label them ii their reactions to those labels over time form the basis of their self identity iii Howard Becker deviants cretated by process of labeling 1 primary deviance first act of rule breaking 2 secondary deviance deviant acts that follow as a result of the primary deviance XXIV What Strain Theory Looks Like a Conformists i accept the goals of society and the means of achieving those goals b Innovators i accept the goals of the society but they look for new or innovative ways of achieving those c Retreatists i rejects both socially accpetable means and goals by retreating from society d Ritualists i aren t interested in the goals of society but accept the means of achieving those goals e Rebels i rejects both socially acceptable means and goals by altering or destroying the institutions from which they are alienated XXV Standford Prison Experiment a led by Zimbardo a psychologist b randomly assigned subjects to be either a prisoner or prison guard c participants were white middle class men and submitted to 2 week prison stimulation d problems with the study i methods of recruiting subjects 1 idea of being prison simulation attracted people with a cruel streak ii researcher s involvement in study 1 he was superintendent XXVI Symbolic Interactionist a Stigma i negative social label that changes your behavior toward a person also changes that person s self concept and identity ii has serious consequences in terms of the opportunities made available or not made availible to people XXVII Crime a formal means of social control b some deviant behaviors so far outside the limits c in laws we specify penalties for violations i fines prison death penalty XXVIII Types of Crime a Street Crime i committed in public and often associated with violence or loss or property b White Collar Crime i committed by a professional against corporation agency or other business 1 Corporate Crime type of white collar crime committed by the officers or executives of a company c Public Order Crime i behaviors that are contrary to shared norms social values and customs 1 Victimless Crimes a these usually follow under the categories of sex and drugs i Example porn and prostitution ii reflect societal consensus and are subject to change