Slide 1Canada: Political MapHistorical Notes: US & CanadaCulture: US & CanadaEconomies: US & CanadaCanadian EconomyAmerican EconomySlide 8Wealth & InequalitySlide 10Slide 11Geographic DisparitiesMigrationTypes of MigrationTypes of International MigrantsWhy do People Migrate?Who Migrates?Slide 18Immigration to the United StatesImmigration to CanadaInternal Migration: US & CanadaInternal Migration: USAssimilation vs. MulticulturalismWorld Regional GeographyWorld Regional GeographyMarch 10, 2010March 10, 2010Reading: Marston Chapter 6 pages 272-283, 286-300306-319 (beginning with Rural Poverty)Goode’s World Atlaspages 67-69, 88-89Next Week: Map Quiz #3North AmericaUSA & Southern Canada from space at nightCanada: Political MapCanada: Political MapHistorical Notes: US & CanadaHistorical Notes: US & Canada•Different paths to independence•Similar settlement patterns•East-to-West•Canadian expansion inhibited by Canadian Shield•Plains & Mountain regions initially by-passed•Industrialization•Northeast US•Limited in Canada•Urbanization•Simil ar to industrialization pattern in US•Canadian core•North / South variationsCulture: US & CanadaCulture: US & Canada•Immigrant Nations•Wide variety of cultural influences•Mixing of musical and artistic styles•Ethnic enclaves•World-wide connectivity•Export of America•Import and inclusion of foreign culture•Sports•Export or American/Canadian sports•Import of foreign playersEconomies: US & CanadaEconomies: US & Canada•Sectoral Shifts•Regional Variations•Inequality•United States: world’s largest economy•Canada: 9th largest economyMeasured by Gross National Product (GNP), the value of all goods and services produced by countries citizens/companies, regardless of location.Canadian EconomyCanadian Economy•Staples economy•Early dependence on resource extraction•Lack of large industrial sector•Shift to services•Regional Variations•Atlantic provinces•Quebec/Ontario•Prairies•British ColumbiaAmerican EconomyAmerican Economy•Three major shifts• Agriculture• Industrialization• Services & the New EconomyAmerican EconomyAmerican Economy•Regional Variations•Northeast•Upper Midwest (“Rust-Belt”)•South & Southwest (“Sun-Belt”)•Great Plains•Mountain West•West CoastWealth & InequalityWealth & Inequality“Rich getting richer and poor getting poorer”•US Poverty Rate: 13.2%•39.1 million people•Child poverty rate: 17%•58% of Americans will spend at least 1-year in poverty•Why?•Low government benefits•Stagnation of lower income wagesWealth & InequalityWealth & Inequality•Rural vs. Urban PovertyWealth & InequalityWealth & Inequality•40% will experience povertyGeographic DisparitiesGeographic Disparities$16,036$43,670$31,781$77,519$74,346$34,987MigrationMigration•Migrant or mover?•Mobility or migration?•Temporary / Seasonal workers•Commuters•What is permanent?Any permanent change in residence involving the detachment from daily activities at one place and the engagement in daily activities at another.Who is a migrant?Who is a migrant?Types of Migration Types of Migration •Internal•InternationalIn both cases, migration is a significant contributor to the demographic transition.•Internal migrants are in-migrants and out-migrants.•International migrants are immigrants and emigrants.Types of International MigrantsTypes of International Migrants•Legal•Illegal•Refugee•AsyleeWhy do People Migrate? Why do People Migrate? •Pull factors: characteristics of the receiving region that draw migrants•Push factors: characteristics of the sending region that drive out-migrants•Benefits (B)•Push & pull factors•Costs (C)•Distance•Social changesThe Migration Decision: A Social Science ModelThe Migration Decision: A Social Science ModelIf B > C, then a migration occursWho Migrates? Who Migrates? •Age ScheduleStandard Curve00.0050.010.0150.020.0250.030.0350.040 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90AgeMigration Rate Age Schedule of MigrationFemaleMaleWho Migrates? Who Migrates? •Variations in schedules•Rural / Urban•Labor / FamilyImmigration to the United StatesImmigration to the United StatesThree Major Waves•1820-1870•1870-1920•1970-PresentImmigration to CanadaImmigration to Canada•Early Immigration (Pre-1750)•Largely French•Post-1750•Similar to US patterns•Significant increase in British and Irish•1810 - British restrict American immigration to Canada•Present Day•Asians account for 50% of immigrants•Hong Kong – Vancouver•10% of Canadians speak a language other than English or French.Internal Migration: US & CanadaInternal Migration: US & Canada•US: Four Major Shifts•Rural-to-urban•East-to-West•South-to-North•Urban-to-SuburbanAnother shift??•Northeast & Midwest to the Sun-belt•Canada: Two Shifts•Rural-to-urban•East-to-WestInternal Migration: USInternal Migration: USAssimilation vs. MulticulturalismAssimilation vs. MulticulturalismUS Model: Assimilation•The “Melting Pot”•A mixture of many cultures fusing into one unique American culture.Canadian Model: Multiculturalism•Right to retain individual cultures•Languages•Peaceful