1North America: History,Culture, NationalismTuesday, May 13GEOG 1982* Lecture outline on last slide2History: Native AmericansOutline:• Native American history & distribution• Population change• Forced migration• Litigation3Early History• Land Bridge: glacial corridor to Coloradoplateau (12,500 years ago)• Seafarers from Asia or Oceania (15,000years ago) http://www.nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=396609• Eras of population growth and decline• Migration east from Colorado, north togreat lakes, west again4Population changeIn North America:• 1492: 18 million• 1542: 9 million• 1907: 400,000 (2%)Forced migration & Litigation• 1830 Indian Removal Act (A. Jackson)• Fought by Cherokee in federal courts• Reservation system enforced in the late1800s• Canada’s First Nation People won Nunavitand Dogrib territories in Canadian courts5History: Population & IndustryOutline:• Population map(http://bcs.whfreeman.com/pulsipher3e/content/cat_020/ch02/pr02pm01.htm)• Old economic core (“rust belt”)• Growth of the service sector• FDI• Factory relocation & OutsourcingRust Belt6Growth of the Service Sector• Transportation & utilities• Wholesale & retail trade• Health• Leisure• Maintenance• Government• Education70-80% of workforce in 2000FDI• Foreign direct investment (FDI) - investment inone country by companies based in anothercountry• Includes: factories, employment, real estate• Example: Toyota (Japanese) plant in Kentucky7Factory Relocation & Outsourcing• Factory relocation - to places where laborcosts are lower (rural Southeastern U.S.,Mexico, Central America, China, SE Asia)http://video.on.nytimes.com/?fr_story=a86d506987659e862f8dffbc322df546efd0d10d• Outsourcing - companies sign short-termcontracts with workers provided by thirdparties (other companies)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8quDb3FIUuoUses & Contradictions of Culture• Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1904)• Culture as civilization• Environmental Determinism,Ellen Semple• Culture as what separates us fromnature• “cultural races” vs “natural races”8Culture as a way of life• A set of practices that a group of people do• Change over time• Can cultures “go extinct”?Nationalism• Feelings of identification with a nation• Civic nationalism - ideas that unify anation-state, (country), example: patriotism• Ethnic nationalism - ethnicity creates asense of belonging to a nation,– examples of ethnicity: language, customs,religion, and traditions– expressed in celebration of heritage, culture ORexpressed through exclusion or intolerance9National Culture & Nationalism:Quebec, Canada• Separatism: a French-speaking country• 1970 kidnapping & murder of Quebec minister oflabor & immigration• 1974 French adopted as Quebec’s officiallanguage• 1980, 1995 popular vote whether to secede, votedNo both times• 2003 National Assembly of Quebec, 2006 Houseof Commons movement for a separate nationNational Culture & Nationalism:U.S.• Wilbur Zelinsky - The Cultural Geographyof the U.S. 1973– argued for a recognition of the unity ofAmerican culture– U.S. residents as an ethnic group– melting pot• An American way of life?10Multiculturalism & American Culture• Nationalism across cultural diversity• American ideals of freedom, democracy,equality• Post- 9/11 nationalism• Culture as ethnic diversity• Culture as American way of lifeThings to remember (study)• North American landforms, orographic precipitation• Native American history - 2 main theories ofmigration, mobility of people, population change,1830 Indian Removal Act & resistance to it• Economic history - what are effects of change fromindustry to service economy?• Culture - previous definitions of culture & problemswith them, culture as a way of life always changing• Nationalism - definitions, examples11Lecture Outline• North America: History– Native American History– Population, Economic History• Culture• Nationalism– Definitions–
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